ActivityCode Activity codes. WITSML abandonment abandonment abandonment -- log plugs A specialization of 'abandonment'. abandonment -- run plugs A specialization of 'abandonment'. abandonment -- wait on cement A specialization of 'abandonment'. casing, cement casing and cement casing, cement -- circulate, cement A specialization of 'casing, cement': circulate and cement casing, cement -- other A specialization of 'casing, cement'. casing, cement -- rig up, run casing A specialization of 'casing, cement': rig up and run casing casing, cement -- rig up, run liner A specialization of 'casing, cement': rig up and run liner casing, cement -- wait on cement A specialization of 'casing, cement'. completion operations After reaching total depth, any operations for completing the well and bringing it on production - no further detail is known. completion operations -- rig up Rig up completion equipment. completion operations -- tear down Tear down completion equipment. completion operations -- testing Pre-production flow testing in the well completion phase. completion operations -- running liner Running the production liner. completion operations -- gravel packing Completion operation for producing zones. completion operations -- logging Production logging tool runs. cond mud, circulate condition mud and circulate cond mud, circulate -- boulder or gravel A specialization of 'cond mud, circulate'. cond mud, circulate -- casing A specialization of 'cond mud, circulate'. cond mud, circulate -- cementing A specialization of 'cond mud, circulate'. cond mud, circulate -- circulate samples A specialization of 'cond mud, circulate'. cond mud, circulate -- coring A specialization of 'cond mud, circulate'. cond mud, circulate -- drilling A specialization of 'cond mud, circulate'. cond mud, circulate -- fishing A specialization of 'cond mud, circulate'. cond mud, circulate -- gumbo attack A specialization of 'cond mud, circulate'. cond mud, circulate -- logging A specialization of 'cond mud, circulate'. cond mud, circulate -- lost circulation A specialization of 'cond mud, circulate'. cond mud, circulate -- well control A specialization of 'cond mud, circulate'. coring coring coring -- conventional A specialization of 'coring'. coring -- flow check A specialization of 'coring'. coring -- laydown barrel A specialization of 'coring'. coring -- oriented A specialization of 'coring'. coring -- plastic sleeve A specialization of 'coring'. coring -- rig up core barrel A specialization of 'coring'. coring -- sponge A specialization of 'coring'. cut, slip drilling line cut and slip drilling line deviation survey deviation survey deviation survey -- dir multi-shot A specialization of 'deviation survey': directional multi-shot deviation survey -- dir single shot A specialization of 'deviation survey': directional single shot deviation survey -- drift A specialization of 'deviation survey'. deviation survey -- gyro A specialization of 'deviation survey'. deviation survey -- MWD A specialization of 'deviation survey'. dir work directional work dir work -- horizontal drilling A specialization of 'dir work'. dir work -- motor drilling A specialization of 'dir work'. dir work -- orient A specialization of 'dir work'. dir work -- rotary drilling A specialization of 'dir work'. dir work -- slant drilling A specialization of 'dir work'. DST drill stem test DST -- cased hole A specialization of 'DST'. DST -- lay down tools A specialization of 'DST'. DST -- open hole A specialization of 'DST'. DST -- open hole closed chamber A specialization of 'DST'. DST -- rig up tools A specialization of 'DST'. drilling drilling drilling -- casing A specialization of 'drilling'. drilling -- connection A specialization of 'drilling'. drilling -- drill cement, float equip A specialization of 'drilling': drill out cement and/or float equipment drilling -- flow check A specialization of 'drilling'. drilling -- hole opening A specialization of 'drilling'. drilling -- new hole A specialization of 'drilling'. drilling -- sidetracking A specialization of 'drilling'. drilling -- under-reaming A specialization of 'drilling'. fishing fishing fishing -- BHA A specialization of 'fishing'. fishing -- casing A specialization of 'fishing'. fishing -- cones >A specialization of 'fishing'. fishing -- other A specialization of 'fishing'. fishing -- stuck pipe A specialization of 'fishing'. fishing -- wireline tools A specialization of 'fishing'. HSE Health, Safety and Environmental HSE -- hold drill A specialization of 'HSE'. HSE -- incident A specialization of 'HSE'. HSE -- safety meeting A specialization of 'HSE'. mill mill mill -- cut casing or tubing A specialization of 'mill'. mill -- milling A specialization of 'mill'. miscellaneous miscellaneous nipple up BOP nipple up blowout preventer nipple up BOP -- diverter A specialization of 'nipple up BOP'. nipple up BOP -- manifold A specialization of 'nipple up BOP'. nipple up BOP -- other A specialization of 'nipple up BOP'. nipple up BOP -- PVT system A specialization of 'nipple up BOP'. nipple up BOP -- stack A specialization of 'nipple up BOP'. plug back plug back plug back -- abandonment A specialization of 'plug back'. plug back -- kick off plug A specialization of 'plug back'. plug back -- lost circulation A specialization of 'plug back'. plug back -- wait on cement A specialization of 'plug back'. plug back -- well control A specialization of 'plug back'. pressure test pressure test pressure test -- BOP manifold A specialization of 'pressure test'. pressure test -- BOP stack A specialization of 'pressure test'. pressure test -- form integrity test A specialization of 'pressure test': formation integrity test pressure test -- form leak off test A specialization of 'pressure test': formation leak off test pressure test -- packer A specialization of 'pressure test'. pressure test -- PIT A specialization of 'pressure test'. reaming reaming reaming -- back reaming A specialization of 'reaming'. reaming -- coring A specialization of 'reaming'. reaming -- drill A specialization of 'reaming'. reaming -- logging A specialization of 'reaming'. reaming -- under-reaming A specialization of 'reaming'. rig move rig move rig move -- anchor handling A specialization of 'rig move'. rig move -- inter-pad move A specialization of 'rig move'. rig move -- inter-well move A specialization of 'rig move'. rig move -- jack up or down A specialization of 'rig move'. rig move -- other A specialization of 'rig move'. rig move -- position rig A specialization of 'rig move'. rig move -- skid rig A specialization of 'rig move'. rig release rig release rig release -- cut casing A specialization of 'rig release'. rig release -- install capping assembly A specialization of 'rig release'. rig release -- MOB or DE-MOB A specialization of 'rig release'. rig repairs rig repairs rig repairs -- drawworks A specialization of 'rig repairs'. rig repairs -- electrical A specialization of 'rig repairs'. rig repairs -- mud system A specialization of 'rig repairs'. rig repairs -- other A specialization of 'rig repairs'. rig repairs -- rotary A specialization of 'rig repairs'. rig repairs -- subsea equipment A specialization of 'rig repairs'. rig repairs -- well control equipment A specialization of 'rig repairs'. rig service rig service rig service -- lubricate rig A specialization of 'rig service'. rig service -- test equipment A specialization of 'rig service'. rig up or tear down rig up or tear down rig up or tear down -- rig up A specialization of 'rig up or tear down'. rig up or tear down -- site work A specialization of 'rig up or tear down'. rig up or tear down -- tear down A specialization of 'rig up or tear down'.v run or pull riser run or pull riser run or pull riser -- other A specialization of 'run or pull riser'. run or pull riser -- run or pull riser A specialization of 'run or pull riser'. squeeze cement squeeze cement squeeze cement -- casing repair A specialization of 'squeeze cement'. squeeze cement -- casing shoe A specialization of 'squeeze cement'. squeeze cement -- parted casing A specialization of 'squeeze cement'. squeeze cement -- perforations DST A specialization of 'squeeze cement'. stuck pipe stuck pipe surface string handling surface string handling testing general Testing of any nature, if more detail is not known. testing general -- equipment A specialization of 'testing general'. Testing of surface equipment, or downhole equipment tested at surface. testing general -- flow A specialization of 'testing general'. Well Flow testing, in the pre-production phase of the well. tripping tripping tripping -- back-reaming A specialization of 'tripping'. tripping -- flow check A specialization of 'tripping'. tripping -- short trip in A specialization of 'tripping'. tripping -- short trip out A specialization of 'tripping'. tripping -- trip in (from surface) A specialization of 'tripping'. tripping -- trip out (to surface) A specialization of 'tripping'. wait wait wait -- daylight A specialization of 'wait'. wait -- environmental or regulatory A specialization of 'wait'. wait -- equipment A specialization of 'wait'. wait -- holiday A specialization of 'wait'. wait -- ice A specialization of 'wait'. wait -- on orders A specialization of 'wait'. wait -- operator A specialization of 'wait'. wait -- other A specialization of 'wait'. wait -- partners A specialization of 'wait'. wait -- service company A specialization of 'wait'. wait -- weather A specialization of 'wait'. well control well control well control -- mix A specialization of 'well control'. well control -- shut in A specialization of 'well control'. well control -- strip A specialization of 'well control'. well control -- well kill A specialization of 'well control'. well srvc well services well srvc -- casing repair A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- clean well to compl fluid cleanout well to completion fluid well srvc -- coiled tubing work A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- gravel pack A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- install or test xmas tree A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- kill well A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- land, set, test completion A specialization of 'well srvc': land, set and test completion well srvc -- perforate A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- pull completion A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- pull suspension plugs A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- run completion A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- run screens A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- sand control A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- stimulation A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- subsea work A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- surface line work A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- suspend well or pull BOPs A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- test well A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- wash A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- wireline work A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- work tubulars A specialization of 'well srvc'. well srvc -- workstring run A specialization of 'well srvc'. wireline logs wireline logs wireline logs -- abandonment A specialization of 'wireline logs'. wireline logs -- evaluation A specialization of 'wireline logs'. wireline logs -- form tester A specialization of 'wireline logs': formation tester wireline logs -- other A specialization of 'wireline logs'. wireline logs -- side wall cores A specialization of 'wireline logs'. wireline logs -- velocity A specialization of 'wireline logs'. ExtensionName The names of agreed extensions to WITSML. This list may be locally extended but it is recommended that new names be approved by the WITSML SIG before use. Each standard name must define its data type. For string types, the maximum length must be defined in number of characters. For measures, the expected measure class must be defined. WITSML dummy-example-string This is an example for the purpose of demonstrating the capabilities. This name should not be used and can be removed from a production file. It describes a string of maximum length of 64 characters which can be used in the commonData of any object. The semantics of the name would be defined in this description field. string 64 .//commonData/extensionNameValue dummy-example-measure This is an example for the purpose of demonstrating the capabilities. This name should not be used and can be removed from a production file. It describes a length measure which can only be specified in the commonData of the well and wellbore objects. The semantics of the name would be defined in this description field. The extensionMeasureClass constrains the allowed units of measure for each value. The extensionDataType value of double constrains the size of each value. double length /well/commonData/extensionNameValue /wellbore/commonData/extensionNameValue dummy-example-dateTime This is an example for the purpose of demonstrating the capabilities. This name should not be used and can be removed from a production file. It describes a dateTime value which can be specified anywhere in the tubular object. The semantics of the name would be defined in this description field. dateTime /tubular//extensionNameValue LithologyType These values represent the lithological terminology used in descriptions of rock cuttings in mud logs. WITSML alkali feldspar rhyolite Rhyolitoid in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is less than 0.1. QAPF field 2. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 alkali olivine basalt Alkali olivine basalt is silica-undersaturated, characterized by the absence of orthopyroxene, absence of quartz, presence of olivine, and typically contains some feldspathoid mineral, alkali feldspar or phlogopite in the groundmass. Feldspar phenocrysts typically are labradorite to andesine in composition. Augite is rich in titanium compared to augite in tholeiitic basalt. Alkali olivine basalt is relatively rich in sodium. Carmichael, I.S. Turner, F.J., Verhoogen, John, 1974, Igneous petrology: New York, McGraw HIll Book Co., p.42-43. 1.4.1.0 amphibolite Metamorphic rock mainly consisting of green, brown or black amphibole and plagioclase (including albite), which combined form 75 percent or more of the rock, and both of which are present as major constituents. The amphibole constitutes 50 percent or more of the total mafic constituents and is present in an amount of 30 percent or more; other common minerals include quartz, clinopyroxene, garnet, epidote-group minerals, biotite, titanite and scapolite. Coutinho et al. 2007, IUGS SCMR chapter 8. 1.4.1.0 andesite Fine-grained igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz and less than 10 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field O2 as andesite. Basalt and andesite, which share the same QAPF fields, are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight. Typically consists of plagioclase (frequently zoned from labradorite to oligoclase), pyroxene, hornblende and/or biotite. Fine grained equivalent of dioritic rock. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 anhydrite Evaporite composed of at least 50 percent anhydrite. OneGeology / WITSML 1.4.1.0 anorthositic rock Leucocratic phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting essentially of plagioclase, often with small amounts of pyroxene. By definition, colour index M is less than 10, and plagiclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.9. Less than 20 percent quartz and less than 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10, 10*, and 10'. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 anthracite Coal that has vitrinite mean random reflectance greater than 2.0 percent (determined in conformance with ISO 7404-5). Less than 12-14 percent volatiles (dry, ash free), greater than 91 percent fixed carbon (dry, ash free basis). The highest rank coal; very hard, glossy, black, with semimetallic luster, semi conchoidal fracture. Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp; see also Neuendorf et al. 2005 1.4.1.0 aplite Light coloured crystalline rock, characterized by a fine grained allotriomorphic-granular (aplitic, saccharoidal or xenomorphic) texture; typically granitic composition, consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and sodic plagioclase. Neuendorf et al 2005. 1.4.1.0 arenite Clastic sandstone that contains less than 10 percent matrix. Matrix is mud-size silicate minerals (clay, feldspar, quartz, rock fragments, and alteration products) of detrital or diagenetic nature. Pettijohn, Potter, Siever, 1972, Sand and Sandstone: New York, Springer Verlag, 681 p. WITSML note: In drill cuttings there is a tendancy for grains to break apart, and loose the matrix, so frequently Sandstone is used rather then Arenite. 1.4.1.0 arkose An indurated arenaceous deposit consisting chiefly of quartz and feldspar (greater than 25%). 1.3.1.1 basalt Fine-grained or porphyritic igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz, and less than 10 percent feldspathoid minerals, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Typically composed of calcic plagioclase and clinopyroxene; phenocrysts typically include one or more of calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field B as basalt. Basalt and andesite are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 basanite Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9, and contains more than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 bauxite Highly aluminous material containing abundant aluminium hydroxides (gibbsite, less commonly boehmite, diaspore) and aluminium-substituted iron oxides or hydroxides and generally minor or negligible kaolin minerals; may contain up to 20 percent quartz. Commonly has a pisolitic or nodular texture, and may be cemented. Eggleton 2001. 1.4.1.0 bituminous coal Coal that has vitrinite mean random reflectance greater than 0.6 percent and less than 2.0 percent (determined in conformance with ISO 7404-5), or has a gross calorific value greater than 24 MJ/kg (determined in conformance with ISO 1928). Hard, black, organic rich sedimentary rock; contains less than 91 percent fixed carbon on a dry, mineral-matter-free basis, and greater than 13-14 percent volatiles (dry, ash free). Formed from the compaction or induration of variously altered plant remains similar to those of peaty deposits. Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp. 1.4.1.0 blueschist metamorphic rock Glaucophane lawsonite epidote metamorphic rock. A metamorphic rock of roughly basaltic composition, defined by the presence of glaucophane with lawsonite or epidote. Other minerals that may be present include jadeite, albite, chlorite, garnet, and muscovite (phengitic white mica). Typically fine-grained, dark colored. Category for rocks commonly referred to as blueschist. OneGeology, simplified for WITSML to blueschist metamorphic rock 1.4.1.0 boninite andesitic rock that contains more than 8 percent MgO. Typically consists of phenocrysts of protoenstatite, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and olivine in a glassy base full of crystallites, and exhibits textures characterisitc of rapid crystal growth. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 breccia Coarse-grained material composed of angular broken rock fragments; the fragments typically have sharp edges and unworn corners. The fragments may be held together by a mineral cement or in a fine-grained matrix, and consolidated or nonconsolidated. Clasts may be of any composition or origin. In sedimentary environments, breccia is used for material that consists entirely of angular fragments, mostly derived from a single source rock body, as in a rock avalanche deposit, and matrix is interpreted to be the product of comminution of clasts during transport. Diamictite or diamicton is used when the material reflects mixing of rock from a variety of sources, some sub angular or subrounded clasts may be present, and matrix is pre-existing fine grained material that is not a direct product of the brecciation/deposition process. Neuendorf et al. 2005. 1.4.1.0 calcarenite DEPRECATED. See "impure limestone". 1.3.1.1 1.4.1.0 impure limestone calcilutite DEPRECATED. See "impure limestone". 1.3.1.1 1.4.1.0 impure limestone calcisiltite DEPRECATED. See "impure limestone". 1.3.1.1 1.4.1.0 impure limestone carbonate ooze Ooze that consists of more than 50 percent carbonate skeletal remains. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 carbonatite Igneous rock composed of more than 50 percent modal carbonate minerals. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 chalk A generally soft, white, very fine-grained, extremely pure, porous limestone. It forms under marine conditions from the gradual accumulation of skeletal elements from minute planktonic green algae (cocoliths), associated with varying proportions of larger microscopic fragments of bivalves, foraminifera and ostracods. It is common to find flint and chert nodules embedded in chalk. C.S. Harris, 2009 1.4.1.0 chert Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition. SLTTs 2004. 1.4.1.0 clay Mud that consists of greater than 50 percent particles with grain size less than 0.004 mm.based on SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005; particle size from Wentworth grade scale. 1.4.1.0 claystone Mudstone that contains no detectable silt, inferred to consist virtually entirely of clay-size particles. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 coal A consolidated organic sedimentary material having less than 75 percent moisture. This category includes low, medium, and high rank coals according to International Classification of In-Seam Coal (United Nations, 1998), thus including lignite. Sapropelic coal is not distinguished in this category from humic coals. Formed from the compaction or induration of variously altered plant remains similar to those of peaty deposits. Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp. 1.3.1.1 conglomerate Clastic sedimentary rock composed of at least 30 percent rounded to subangular fragments larger than 2 millimeter in diameter; typically contains finer grained material in interstices between larger fragments. If more than 15 percent of the fine grained matrix is of indeterminant clastic or diagenetic origin and the fabric is matrix supported, may also be categorized as wackestone. If rock has unsorted or poorly sorted texture with a wide range of particle sizes, may also be categorized as diamictite. Neuendorf et al. 2005; SLTTs 2004. 1.4.1.0 dacite Fine grained or porphyritic crystalline rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 20 and 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 4 and 5 or chemically in TAS Field O3. Typcially composed of quartz and sodic plagioclase with minor amounts of biotite and/or hornblende and/or pyroxene; fine-grained equivalent of granodiorite and tonalite. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 diabase Igneous rock of grain size intermediate between basalt and gabbro composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene and opaque minerals. Synonym: dolerite. 1.3.1.1 diamictite Unsorted or poorly sorted, clastic sedimentary rock with a wide range of particle sizes including a muddy matrix. Biogenic materials that have such texture are excluded. Distinguished from conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone based on polymodality and lack of structures related to transport and deposition of sediment by moving air or water. If more than 10 percent of the fine grained matrix is of indeterminant clastic or diagenetic origin and the fabric is matrix supported, may also be categorized as wacke. Fairbridge and Bourgeois 1978. 1.4.1.0 diorite Plutonic igneous rock consisting of plagioclase feldspar, commonly with hornblende and biotite. 1.3.1.1 dioritoid Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, consisting of intermediate plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite. Plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater that 0.65, and anorthite content of plagioclase is less than 50 percent. Less than 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and less than 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 (and their subdivisions). LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 doleritic rock Dark colored gabbroic (basaltic) or dioritic (andesitic) rock intermediate in grain size between basalt and gabbro and composed of plagioclase, pyroxene and opaque minerals; often with ophitic texture. Typically occurs as hypabyssal intrusions. Includes dolerite, microdiorite, diabase and microgabbro. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 dolomite Pure carbonate sedimentary rock with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 dolomite, calcareous DEPRECATED. See "impure dolomite". 1.3.1.1 1.4.1.0 impure dolomite eclogite Metamorphic rock composed of 75 percent or more (by volume) omphacite and garnet, both of which are present as major constituents, the amount of neither of them being higher than 75 percent (by volume); the presence of plagioclase precludes classification as an eclogite. IUGS SCMR 2007 1.4.1.0 exotic alkaline rock Kimberlite, lamproite, or lamprophyre. Generally are potassic, mafic or ultramafic rocks. Olivine (commonly serpentinized in kimberlite), and phlogopite are significant constituents. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 extrusive rock (volcanic) DEPRECATED. See "fragmental igneous rock". 1.3.1.1 1.4.1.0 fragmental igneous rock feldspar The family of aluminium silicates of sodium, potassium, calcium and other metals which comprise over 60% of the earth's crust, are the most abundant mineral group, and occur in all types of rocks. 1.3.1.1 feldspathic arenite Clastic sandstone that contains less than 10 percent matrix. Matrix is mud-size silicate minerals (clay, feldspar, quartz, rock fragments, and alteration products) of detrital or diagenetic nature. Sandstones that contain less than 90 percent quartz.Dott, R. H, (1964). Wacke, Graywacke and matrix-what approach to immature sandstone classification: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v-34, p. 625-632. 1.4.1.0 fine grained igneous rock Undifferentaited Igneous rock in which the framework of the rock consists of crystals that are too small to determine mineralogy with the unaided eye; framework may include up to 50 percent glass. A significant percentage of the rock by volume may be phenocrysts. Includes rocks that are generally called volcanic rocks. Gillespie and Styles 1999; LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 foid dioritoid Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock in which M is less than 90, the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.5, feldspathoid minerals form 10-60 percent of the QAPF fraction, plagioclase has anorthite content less than 50 percent. These rocks typically contain large amounts of mafic minerals. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 13 and 14. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 foid gabbroid Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock in which M is less than 90, the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.5, feldspathoids form 10-60 percent of the QAPF fraction, and plagioclase has anorthite content greater than 50 percent. These rocks typically contain large amounts of mafic minerals. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 13 and 14. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 foid syenitoid Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, contains between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.5. Includes QAPF fields 11 and 12. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 foidite Foiditoid that contains greater than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 foiditoid Fine grained crystalline rock containing less than 90 percent mafic minerals and more than 60 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 15 or chemically in TAS field F. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 foidolite Phaneritic crystalline rock containing more than 60 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 15. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 foliated metamorphic rock Metamorphic rock in which 10 percent or more of the contained mineral grains are elements in a planar or linear fabric. Cataclastic or glassy character precludes classification with this concept. Based on NADM SLTT metamorphic. 1.4.1.0 fragmental igneous rock Igneous rock in which greater than 75 percent of the rock consists of fragments produced as a result of igneous rock-forming process. Includes pyroclastic rocks, autobreccia associated with lava flows and intrusive breccias. Excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes (see Tuffite). 1.4.1.0 gabbro Gabbroic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 10 as gabbro. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 gabbroic rock Gabbroid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9 in the QAPF fraction. Includes QAPF fields 10*, 10, and 10'. This category includes the various categories defined in LeMaitre et al. (2002) based on the mafic mineralogy, but apparently not subdivided based on the quartz/feldspathoid content. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 gabbroid Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, and up to 20 percent quartz or up to 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. The ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater than 0.65, and anorthite content of the plagioclase is greater than 50 percent. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 and their subdivisions. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 glauconite A mineral composed of ferrous potassium silicates related to mica which commonly imparts a green color to its sedimentary host rock. 1.3.1.1 gneiss Foliated metamorphic rock with bands or lenticles rich in granular minerals alternating with bands or lenticles rich in minerals with a flaky or elongate prismatic habit. Mylonitic foliation or well developed, continuous schistosity (greater than 50 percent of the rock consists of grains participate in a planar or linear fabric) precludes classification with this concept. Neuendorf et al. 2005. 1.4.1.0 granite Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and plagioclase (typically sodic) in variable amounts, usually with biotite and/or hornblende. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 3. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 granodiorite Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting essentially of quartz, sodic plagioclase and lesser amounts of alkali feldspar with minor hornblende and biotite. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 4. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 granofels Metamorphic rock with granoblastic fabric and very little or no foliation (less than 10 percent of the mineral grains in the rock are elements in a planar or linear fabric). Grainsize not specified. SLTTm 2004. 1.4.1.0 granulite Metamorphic rock of high metamorphic grade in which Fe-Mg silicate minerals are dominantly hydroxl-free; feldspar must be present, and muscovite is absent; rock contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, less than 75 percent calcite and/or dolomite, less than 75 percent quartz, less than 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), and less than 50 percent calc-silicate minerals. Fettes and Desmons (2007). See also Wimmenauer (1985), Winkler (1979) (D.R. Bowes (1989), The Encyclopedia of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology; Van Nostrand Reinhold ISBN: 0-442-20623-2 1.4.1.0 gravel Clastic sediment containing greater than 30 percent gravel-size particles (greater than 2.0 millimeter diameter). Gravel in which more than half of the particles are of epiclastic origin.definition of gravel from SLTTs 2004; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.). 1.4.1.0 greenstone Chlorite actinolite epidote metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rock characterized by 50 percent or more of combined chlorite, actinolite and epidote. Category for rocks generally named greenschist or greenstone. OneGeology, simplified for WITSML to Greenstone. 1.4.1.0 greenstones DEPRECATED. See "greenstone". 1.3.1.1 1.4.1.0 greenstone greywacke DEPRECATED. See "wacke". 1.3.1.1 1.4.1.0 wacke gumbo A term used in the U.S. for clay soils that become sticky, impervious, and plastic when wet. 1.3.1.1 gypsum Evaporite composed of at least 50 percent gypsum . OneGeology / WITSML 1.4.1.0 halite Evaporite composed of at least 90 percent halite.(NaCl). Use Rock Salt if unclear on chemical composition. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 hornfels Granofels formed by contact metamorphism, composed of a mosaic of equidimensional grains in a characteristically granoblastic or decussate matrix; porphyroblasts or relict phenocrysts may be present. Typically fine grained. 1.4.1.0 igneous DEPRECATED. See "igneous rock". 1.3.1.1 1.4.1.0 igneous rock igneous rock Undefined rock formed as a result of igneous processes, for example intrusion and cooling of magma in the crust, or volcanic eruption. Neuendorf et al 2005. 1.4.1.0 impact generated material Material that contains features indicative of shock metamorphism, such as microscopic planar deformation features within grains or shatter cones, interpreted to be the result of extraterrestrial bolide impact. Includes breccias and melt rocks. Stöffler and Grieve 2007; Jackson 1997. 1.4.1.0 impure dolomite Impure carbonate sedimentary rock with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 impure limestone Impure carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 intrusive rock (plutonic) Igneous rock formed by cooling and solidification of magma within the earth's crust. 1.3.1.1 iron rich sedimentary rock Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis. Corresponds to a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight. Hallsworth and Knox 1999; SLTTs 2004. 1.4.1.0 kalsilitic and melilitic rocks Igneous rock containing greater than 10 percent melilite or kalsilite. Typically undersaturated, ultrapotassic (kalsilitic rocks) or calcium-rich (melilitic rocks) mafic or ultramafic rocks. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 komatiitic rock Ultramafic, magnesium-rich volcanic rock, typically with spinifex texture of intergrown skeletal and bladed olivine and pyroxene crystals set in abundant glass. Includes komatiite and meimechite. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 latitic rock Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.35 and 0.65. QAPF fields 8, 8' and 8*. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 lignite Coal that has a gross calorific value less than 24 MJ/kg (determined in conformance with ISO 1928), and vitrinite mean random reflectance less than 0.6 percent (determined in conformance with ISO 7404-5). Gross calorific value is recalculated to a moist, ash free basis using bed moisture (determined according to ISO 1015 or ISO 5068). Includes all low-rank coals, including sub-bitiminous coal. A consolidated, dull, soft brown to black coal having many readily discernible plant fragments set in a finer grained organic matrix. Tends to crack and fall apart on drying. Operationally sub-bituminous and bitiminous coal are qualitatively distinguished based on brown streak for sub-bitiminous coal and black streak for bituminous coal. Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp. 1.4.1.0 lime boundstone Biogenic textural class. The origianl components were bound and encrusted together by the action of plants and animals in the position of growth. That is, Reef limestones. Hallsworth and Knox 1999. These are incremental additions to OneGeology to add the Dunham depositional terms used in Carbonates. When plotting these, they will all plot as Limestone. 1.4.1.0 lime framestone Biogenic textural class. Carbonate reef rock consisting of a rigid framework of colonies, shells or skeletons, with internal cavities filled with fine sediment; usually created through the activities of colonial organisms. Source () Hallsworth & Knox 1999; SLTTs 2004, Table 15-3-1 1.4.1.0 lime grainstone Depositional textural cassification. Grain supported carbonate with little ( less than 25 percent) carbonate matrix. Hallsworth and Knox 1999. These are incremental additions to OneGeology to add the Dunham depositional terms used in Carbonates. When plotting these, they will all plot as Limestone. 1.4.1.0 lime mudstone Depositional textural cassification. Original components not bound together during deposition. Contains mud (clay and fine silt-size carbonate). Mud-supported (particles greater than 20 mm). Less than 10 percent Grains. Mudstone that contains between 10 and 50 percent carbonate minerals in the mud size fraction. Carbonate origin is not specified. The operational test typically used to identify this category is if the rock fizzes when hydrochloric acid is applied. The '10 percent carbonate' criteria is a fuzzy boundary. 1.4.1.0 lime packstone Grain supported carbonate. Original components not bound together during deposition. Contains mud (clay and fine silt-size carbonate). Hallsworth and Knox 1999. These are incremental additions to OneGeology to add the Dunham depositional terms used in Carbonates. When plotting these, they will all plot as Limestone. 1.4.1.0 lime wackestone Depositional textural cassification. Original components not bound together during deposition. Matrix supported. Contains less than 75 percent mud grade (less than 32 micrometer) calcite. (clay and fine silt-size carbonate). Mud-supported (particles greater than 20 mm). Greater than 10 percent Grains. Hallsworth and Knox 1999. These are incremental additions to OneGeology to add the Dunham depositional terms used in Carbonates. When plotting these, they will all plot as Limestone. 1.4.1.0 limestone Pure carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes limestone and dolomitic limestone. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 limestone, argillaceous A limestone homogeneously mixed with 10-50% clay minerals. 1.3.1.1 limestone, dolomitic A limestone containing 10-50% dolomite and 50-90% calcite. 1.3.1.1 limestone, sandy A limestone homogeneously mixed with 10-50% quartz grains. 1.3.1.1 marble Metamorphic rock consisting of greater than 75 percent fine- to coarse-grained recrystallized calcite and/or dolomite; usually with a granoblastic, saccharoidal texture. IUGS SCMR 2007 1.4.1.0 marl A consolidated or semi-consolidated mixture of clay and generally fine grained carbonate material. 1.3.1.1 metamorphic rock Undefined rock formed by solid-state mineralogical, chemical and/or structural changes to a pre-existing rock, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shearing stress and chemical environment. Not further defined. Jackson 1997. 1.4.1.0 metamorphic rocks DEPRECATED. See "metamorphic rock". 1.3.1.1 1.4.1.0 metamorphic rock mica schist A schist that consists of more than 50 percent mica minerals, typically muscovite or biotite. Special type included to distinguish this common variety of schist. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 migmatite Silicate metamorphic rock that is pervasively heterogeneous on a decimeter to meter scale that typically consists of darker and lighter parts; the darker parts usually exhibit features of metamorphic rocks whereas the lighter parts are of igneous-looking appearance. Fette and Desmons (2007) 1.4.1.0 monzogabbro Monzogabbroic rock that contains between 0 an 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 9. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 mud Clastic sediment consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud-size to sand-size particle ratio greater than 1. More than half of the particles are of epiclastic origin. Definition of mud from SLTTs 2004 muddy sediment; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.). 1.4.1.0 mudstone Clastic sedimentary rock consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud to sand ratio greater than 1. The definition includes Claystone, Siltstone and Shale. Pettijohn et al. 1987 referenced in Hallsworth & Knox 1999; extrapolated from Folk, 1954, Figure 1a. 1.4.1.0 mylonitic rock Metamorphic rock characterised by a foliation resulting from tectonic grain size reduction, in which more than 10 percent of the rock volume has undergone grain size reduction. Includes protomylonite, mylonite, ultramylonite, and blastomylonite. Marshak & Mitra 1988. 1.4.1.0 no description No description is provided. 1.3.1.1 no sample A sample would be expected, given the drilling situation, but nothing was seen at the shakers, implying either solution in the mud system of a salt, or lack of returns. WITSML. 1.4.1.0 ooze Biogenic sediment consisting of less than 1 percent gravel-size (greater than or equal to 2 mm) particles, with a sand to mud ratio less than 1 to 9, and less than 50 percent carbonate minerals. Based on Bates and Jackson 1987 & Hallsworth & Knox 1999. 1.4.1.0 ophiolite Basic and ultra-basic igneous rocks and their metamorposed, often hydrated, derivatives, believed to represent former oceanic crust. 1.3.1.1 organic bearing mudstone Mudstone that contains a significant amount of organic carbon, typically kerogen. Commonly finely laminated, brown or black in color. Neuendorf et al. 2005; 1.4.1.0 peat Unconsolidated organic-rich sediment composed of at least 50 percent semi-carbonised plant remains; individual remains commonly seen with unaided eye; yellowish brown to brownish black; generally fibrous texture; can be plastic or friable. In its natural state it can be readily cut and has a very high moisture content, generally greater than 90 percent. Liptinite to Inertinite ratio is less than one (Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp.). Hallsworth & Knox 1999. 1.4.1.0 pegmatite Exceptionally coarse grained crystalline rock with interlocking crystals; most grains are 1 centimeter or more diameter; composition is generally that of granite, but the term may refer to the coarse grained facies of any type of igneous rock; usually found as irregular dikes, lenses, or veins associated with plutons or batholiths. Neuendorf et al 2005. 1.4.1.0 peridotite Ultramafic rock consisting of more than 40 percent (by volume) olivine with pyroxene and/or amphibole and little or no feldspar. Commonly altered to serpentinite. Includes rocks defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification as dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, wehrlite, olivinite, pyroxene peridotite, pyroxene hornblende peridotite or hornblende peridotite. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 phaneritic igneous rock Igneous rock in which the framework of the rock consists of individual crystals that can be discerned with the unaided eye. Bounding grain size is on the order of 32 to 100 microns. Igneous rocks with 'exotic' composition are excluded from this concept. Neuendorf et al 2005. 1.4.1.0 phonolite Phonolitoid in which the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is less than 0.1. Rock consists of alkali feldspar, feldspathoid minerals, and mafic minerals. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 phonolitoid Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.5. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 11 and 12, and TAS field Ph. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 phosphate Any mineral compound containing the ((PO4)3) radical. 1.3.1.1 phosphate rock Any rock containing phosphate minerals such as apatite of sufficient purity and abundance to be an economic resource. 1.3.1.1 phyllite Rock with a well developed, continuous schistosity, an average grain size between 0.1 and 0.5 millimeters, and a silvery sheen on cleavage surfaces. Individual phyllosilicate grains are barely visible with the unaided eye. IUGS SCMR 2007. 1.4.1.0 porphyry Igneous rock that contains conspicuous phenocrysts in a finer grained groundmass; groundmass itself may be phaneritic or fine-grained. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 potassium and magnesium salts Evaporite composed with significant (greater than 50 percent) magnesium salts, such as Carnallite /Kainite/Polyhalite/Kieserite/Bischofite/Tachydrite. WITSML. 1.4.1.0 pyroclastic breccia Pyroclastic rock in which greater than 25 percent of particles are greater than 64 millimeter in largest dimension. Includes agglomerate, pyroclastic breccia of Gillespie and Styles (1999). Schmid 1981; LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 pyroclastic rock Fragmental igneous rock that consists of greater than 75 percent fragments produced as a direct result of eruption or extrusion of magma from within the earth onto its surface. Includes autobreccia associated with lava flows and excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes. Based on LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 pyroxenite Ultramafic phaneritic igneous rock composed almost entirely of one or more pyroxenes and occasionally biotite, hornblende and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification as olivine pyroxenite, olivine-hornblende pyroxenite, pyroxenite, orthopyroxenite, clinopyroxenite and websterite. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 quartz arenite Clastic sandstone that contains less than 10 percent matrix. Matrix is mud-size silicate minerals (clay, feldspar, quartz, rock fragments, and alteration products) of detrital or diagenetic nature. Sandstones that contain more than 90 percent of siliceous grains. Grains can include quartz or chert rock fragments. Dott, R. H, (1964). Wacke, Graywacke and matrix-what approach to immature sandstone classification: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v-34, p. 625-632. 1.4.1.0 quartzite Metamorphic rock consisting of greater than or equal to 75 percent quartz; typically granoblastic texture. Neuendorf et al. 2005. 1.4.1.0 rhyolite rhyolitoid in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is between 0.1 and 0.65. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 rock salt Evaporite composed of at least 50 percent halite. Superset of Halite, Silvite and Potassium and magnesium salts. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 salt DEPRECATED. See "rock salt". 1.3.1.1 1.4.1.0 rock salt sand Clastic sediment in which less than 30 percent of particles are gravel (greater than 2 millimeter in diameter) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. More than half of the particles are of epiclastic origin.definition of sand from SLTTs 2004 sandy sediment; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.). 1.4.1.0 sandstone Clastic sedimentary rock in which less than 30 percent of particles are greater than 2 millimeter in diameter (gravel) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005; particle size from Wentworth grade scale. 1.4.1.0 sapropel Jelly like organic rich sediment composed of plant remains, usually algal. Liptinite to Inertinite ratio is greater than one (Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp.). Neuendorf et al. 2005. 1.4.1.0 schist Foliated phaneritic metamorphic rock with well developed, continuous schistosity, meaning that greater than 50 percent of the rock by volume is mineral grains with a thin tabular, lamellar, or acicular prismatic crystallographic habit that are oriented in a continuous planar or linear fabric. SLTTm 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005. 1.4.1.0 serpentine DEPRECATED. See "serpentinite". 1.3.1.1 1.4.1.0 serpentinite serpentinite Rock consisting of more than 75 percent serpentine-group minerals, eg. antigorite, chrysotile or lizardite; accessory chlorite, talc and magnetite may be present; derived from hydration of ferromagnesian silicate minerals such as olivine and pyroxene. Neuendorf et al. 2005. 1.4.1.0 shale Laminated mudstone that will part or break along thin, closely spaced layers parallel to stratification. NADM SLTT sedimentary, 2004. WITSML note: Since Hallsworth and Knox did not recognise the term Shale, some operators do not use this in descriptions, but do plot it graphically. 1.4.1.0 siliceous ooze Ooze that consists of more than 50 percent siliceous skeletal remains. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 silt Mud that consists of greater than 50 percent silt-size grains. Based on SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005; particle size from Wentworth grade scale. 1.4.1.0 siltstone Mudstone that contains detectable silt. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 skarn Metasomatic rock consisting mainly of Ca-, Mg-, Fe-, or Mn-silicate minerals, which are free from or poor in water. Typically formed at the contact between a silicate rock or magma and a carbonate rock.Fettes and Desmons, 2007, p195. 1.4.1.0 slate Compact, fine grained rock with an average grain size less than 0.032 millimeter and a well developed schistosity (slaty cleavage), and hence can be split into slabs or thin plates. NADM metamorphic rock vocabulary SLTTm1.0; Neuendorf et al. 2005. 1.4.1.0 spilite Altered basic to intermediate composition fine-grained igneous rock in which the feldspar is partially or completely composed of of albite, typically accompanied by chlorite, calcite, quartz, epidote, prehnite, and low-temperature hydrous crystallization products. Preservation of eruptive volcanic features is typical. Fettes and Desmon, 2007; Best, M.G., 1982, Igneous and metamorphic petrology: New York, W.H. Freeman and Company, p. 398; Neuendorf et al. 2005, p. 619. 1.4.1.0 syenite Plutonic igneous rock composed essentially of alkali feldspar, with lesser sodic plagioclase, biotite and hornblende, and minor quartz. 1.3.1.1 syenitoid Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, consisting mainly of alkali feldspar and plagioclase; minor quartz or nepheline may be present, along with pyroxene, amphibole or biotite. Ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is less than 0.65, quartz forms less than 20 percent of QAPF fraction, and feldspathoid minerals form less than 10 percent of QAPF fraction. Includes rocks classified in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 and their subdivisions. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 sylvite Evaporite composed of at least 50 percent Sylvite (KCL). OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 tephrite Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9, and contains less than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 tephritoid Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.5. Includes rocks classified in QAPF field 13 and 14 or chemically in TAS field U1 as basanite or tephrite. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 tholeiitic basalt Tholeiitic basalt is defined here to contain 2 pyroxene phases and interstitial quartz or tridymite or cristobalite in the groundmass. Pyroxene (augite and orthopyroxene or pigeonite) and calcium-rich plagioclase are common phenocryst minerals. Olivine may also be a phenocryst, and when present, may have rims of pigeonite. Only in tholeiitic basalt is olivine in reaction relationship with melt. Interstitial siliceous residue may be present, and is often glassy. Tholeiitic basalt is relatively poor in sodium. This category includes most basalts of the ocean floor, most large oceanic islands, and continental flood basalts such as the Columbia River Plateau.Carmichael, I.S. Turner, F.J., Verhoogen, John, 1974, Igneous petrology: New York, McGraw HIll Book Co., p.42-43. 1.4.1.0 tillite (diamictite) DEPRECATED. See "diamictite". 1.3.1.1 1.4.1.0 diamictite tonalite Granitoid consisting of quartz and intermediate plagioclase, usually with biotite and amphibole. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 5; ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater than 0.9. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 trachyte A group of fine-grained often porphyritic volcanic rocks containing alkali feldspar and minor mafic minerals. 1.3.1.1 trachytic rock Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.35. QAPF fields 7, 7', and 7*. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 trachytoid Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, less than 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and less than 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.65. Mafic minerals typically include amphibole or mica; typically porphyritic. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 (with subdivisions) or chemically in TAS Field T as trachyte or latite. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 travertine Biotically or abiotically precipitated calcium carbonate, from spring-fed, heated, or ambient-temperature water. May be white and spongy, various shades of orange, tan or gray, and ranges to dense, banded or laminated rock. Macrophytes, bryophytes, algae, cyanobacteria and other organisms often colonize the surface of travertine and may be preserved, to produce the porous varieties. Neuendorf et al. 2005; Chafetz, H.S., and Folk, R.L., 1984, Travertine: Depositional morphology an dthe bacterially constructed constituents: J. Sed. Petrology, v. 126, p.57-74. 1.4.1.0 tuff Ash tuff, lapillistone, and lapilli tuff. Pyroclastic rock in which less than 25 percent of rock by volume are more than 64 millimeter in longest diameter. Includes tuff, lapilli tuff, and lapillistone. Schmid 1981; LeMaitre et al. 2002. Modified by WITSML to just use the term Tuff. 1.4.1.0 tuffite Rock consists of more than 50 percent particles of indeterminate pyroclastic or epiclastic origin and less than 75 percent particles of clearly pyroclastic origin. Commonly the rock is laminated or exhibits size grading. (based on LeMaitre et al. 2002; Murawski and Meyer 1998). 1.4.1.0 ultrabasic A class of igneous rocks composed mostly of mafic minerals such as pyroxenes along with calcic feldspar, with no free silica and a total silica content less than about 45%. 1.3.1.1 undifferentiated The lithology is not differentiated. This is typically used to fill out a lithology description to 100 percent. 1.3.1.1 wacke Clastic sandstone with more than 10 percent matrix of indeterminate detrital or diagenetic nature. Matrix is mud size silicate minerals (clay, feldspar, quartz, rock fragments, and alteration products). Pettijohn, Potter, Siever, 1972, Sand and Sandstone: New York, Springer Verlag, 681 p. 1.4.1.0 unknown The value is not known. This value should not be used in normal situations. All reasonable attempts should be made to determine the appropriate value. Use of this value may result in rejection in some situations. 1.3.1.1 MatrixCementType Lithology matrix/cement description. WITSML ankerite A matrix cement dominantly composed of Ankerite. Ankerite is a calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese carbonate mineral of the group of rhombohedral carbonates with formula: Ca(Fe, Mg, Mn)(CO3)2. In composition it is closely related to dolomite, but differs from this in having magnesium replaced by varying amounts of iron(II) and manganese. ( AS a matrix cement it is seen in HP HT North Sea HPHT reservoirs such as Elgin and Franklin which have almost pure Ankerite cementation ), 1.4.1.0 calcite A matrix cement dominantly composed of Calcite, the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and readily identifiable at the wellsite due to its reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid. The most common matrix cement. 1.4.1.0 chlorite A matrix cement dominantly composed of Chlorite. It is a low grade metamorphic cement. The typical general formula is: (Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·(Mg,Fe)3(OH)6.Seen in Algerian gas fields such as Teg. 1.4.1.0 dolomite A matrix cement dominantly composed of dolomite.Dolomite cement is composed predominantly of the mineral dolomite with a stoichiometric ratio of 50% or greater content of magnesium replacing calcium, often as a result of diagenesis . 1.4.1.0 illite A matrix cement dominantly composed of Illite. Illite is a clay sized micaceous mineral. The chemical formula is given as (K,H3O)(Al,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)4O10[(OH)2,(H2O)],[2] but there is considerable ion substitution. Seen in Southern North Sea gas fields such as the "Village" fields area. 1.4.1.0 kaolinite A matrix cement dominantly composed of Kaolinite. A matrix cement with the chemical composition Al2Si2O5(OH)4. It is a soft, earthy, usually white mineral (dioctahedral phyllosilicate clay), produced by the chemical weathering of aluminium silicate minerals like feldspar. 1.4.1.0 quartz A matrix cement dominantly composed of Quartz, either from pressure solution grain to grain contact cementation or secondary quartz deposition. Fairly common. 1.4.1.0 siderite A matrix cement dominantly composed of Siderite. Siderite is composed of iron carbonate FeCO3. ( Sherwood sandstones, in the southern UK typical include Siderite cements) 1.4.1.0 smectite A matrix cement dominantly composed of Smectite. Chemically Smectite is a hydrated sodium calcium aluminium magnesium silicate hydroxide (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2·nH2O. It will respond to changes in hydration, so may be altered in cuttings samples. 1.4.1.0 unknown The value is not known. This value should not be used in normal situations. All reasonable attempts should be made to determine the appropriate value. Use of this value may result in rejection in some situations. 1.4.1.0 MeasureClass Defines classes of measures and their allowed units of measures. For a value whose underlying meaning conforms to one of these classes, any specified unit of measure must conform to the defined list. These are copied from the Energistics (POSC) Units Classes v2.2. The units of measure map to the POSC Units of Measure Dictionary v2.2. Energistics absorbed dose The amount of energy absorbed per mass. Gy Gy Gy mGy rd acceleration linear m/s2 m/s2 Gal cm/s2 ft/s2 gn m/s2 mGal mgn activity (of radioactivity) A measure of the radiation being emitted. Bq Bq Bq Ci GBq MBq TBq mCi nCi pCi uCi concentration of B molar concentration of a substance mol/m3 mol/m3 kmol/m3 lbmole/ft3 lbmole/galUK lbmole/galUS mol/m3 amount of substance molar amount of a substance mol mol kmol mmol mol mol kmol lbmole umol angle per length rad/m rad/m dega/100ft dega/30ft dega/30m dega/ft dega/m rad/ft rad/m angle per time The angular velocity. The rate of change of an angle. rad/s rad/s c/s dega/h dega/min dega/s rad/s rev/s rpm angle per volume rad/m3 rad/m3 rad/ft3 rad/m3 angular acceleration rad/s2 rad/s2 rad/s2 rpm/s area m2 m2 acre b cm2 ft2 ha in2 km2 m2 mi2 miUS2 mm2 um2 yd2 area per area m2/m2 Euc % in2/ft2 in2/in2 m2/m2 mm2/mm2 area per volume m2/m3 1/m b/cm3 cu ft2/in3 m2/cm3 m2/m3 attenuation A logarithmic, fractional change of some measure, generally power or amplitude, over a standard range. This is generally used for frequency attenuation over an octave. Euc Euc B/O Euc dB/O attenuation per length B/m B/m B/m dB/ft dB/m capacitance F F F pF uF charge density C/m3 C/m3 C/cm3 C/m3 C/mm3 chemical potential J/mol J/mol Btu/lbmole J/mol MJ/kmol kJ/kmol kcal/mol compressibility 1/Pa 1/Pa 1/Pa 1/bar 1/kPa 1/pPa 1/psi 1/upsi conductivity S/m S/m S/m mS/m mho/m mmho/m cross section absorption m2/mol m2/mol b/elec m2/mol current density A/m2 A/m2 A/cm2 A/ft2 A/m2 A/mm2 mA/cm2 mA/ft2 uA/cm2 uA/in2 Darcy flow coefficient Pa/m3 Pa/m3 Pa/m3 psi2.d/cP.ft3 data transmission speed used primarily for computer transmission rates. Bd Bd Bd delta temperature Delta temperature refers to temperature differences. For non-zero offset temperature scales, Fahrenheit and Celsius, the conversion formulas are different than for absolute temperatures. K K K ddegC ddegF ddegK ddegR density kg/m3 kg/m3 10Mg/m3 Mg/m3 dAPI g/L g/cm3 g/dm3 g/galUK g/galUS g/m3 grain/100ft3 grain/ft3 grain/galUS kg/L kg/dm3 kg/m3 lbm/1000galUK lbm/1000galUS lbm/10bbl lbm/Mbbl lbm/bbl lbm/ft3 lbm/galUK lbm/galUS lbm/in3 mg/L mg/dm3 mg/galUS mg/m3 ug/cm3 diffusion coefficient m2/s m2/s m2/s digital storage byte byte Mbyte bit byte kbyte dimensionless A dimensionless quantity is the ratio of two dimensional quantities. The quantity types are not apparent from the basic dimensionless class, but may be apparent in variations - such as area per area, volume per volume, or mass per mass. Euc Euc % Euc cEuc mEuc nEuc uEuc dose equivalent Sv Sv Sv mSv mrem rem dose equivalent rate Sv/s Sv/s Sv/h Sv/s mSv/h mrem/h rem/h dynamic viscosity Pa.s Pa.s N.s/m2 P Pa.s cP dyne.s/cm2 kgf.s/m2 lbf.s/ft2 lbf.s/in2 mPa.s psi.s electric charge C C A.h C fC kC mC nC pC uC electric conductance S S GS S kS mS mho pS uS electric current A A A MA kA mA nA pA uA electric dipole moment C.m C.m C.m electric field strength V/m V/m V/m mV/ft mV/m uV/ft uV/m electric polarization C/m2 C/m2 C/cm2 C/m2 C/mm2 mC/m2 electric potential V V MV V kV mV uV electrical resistivity ohm.m ohm.m kohm.m ohm.cm ohm.m electrochemical equivalent An electrochemical equivalent differs from molarity in that the valence (oxidation reduction potential) of the element is also considered. eq eq eq meq electromagnetic moment A.m2 A.m2 A.m2 energy length per area kcal.m/cm2 kcal.m/cm2 kcal.m/cm2 energy length per time area temperature W/m.K W/m.K Btu.in/hr.ft2.F W/m.K kJ.m/h.m2.K energy per area N/m N/m J/cm2 J/m2 N/m erg/cm2 kgf.m/cm2 lbf.ft/in2 mJ/cm2 mJ/m2 energy per length J/m J/m J/m MJ/m equivalent per mass eq/kg eq/kg eq/kg meq/100g meq/g equivalent per volume eq/L eq/L eq/L eq/m3 meq/cm3 exposure (radioactivity) C/kg C/kg C/g C/kg force N N MN Mgf N daN dyne gf kN kdyne kgf klbf lbf mN ozf pdl tonfUK tonfUS uN force area N.m2 N.m2 N.m2 dyne.cm2 kN.m2 kgf.m2 lbf.in2 mN.m2 pdl.cm2 tonfUK.ft2 tonfUS.ft2 force length per length kgf.m/m kgf.m/m N.m/m kgf.m/m lbf.ft/in lbf.in/in tonfUS.mi/ft force per force N/N Euc % kgf/kgf lbf/lbf N/N force per length N/m N/m N/30m N/m dyne/cm kN/m kgf/cm lbf/100ft lbf/30m lbf/ft lbf/in mN/km mN/m pdl/cm tonfUK/ft tonfUS/ft force per volume N/m3 N/m3 GPa/cm MPa/m N/m3 Pa/m atm/ft atm/hm atm/m bar/km bar/m kPa/100m kPa/m lbf/ft3 lbf/galUS psi/100ft psi/ft psi/kft psi/m frequency Hz Hz 1/s GHz Hz MHz c/s kHz mHz uHz frequency interval An octave is a doubling of a frquency. O O O gamma ray API unit This class is defined by the API, and is used for units of gamma ray log response. gAPI gAPI gAPI heat capacity J/K J/K J/K heat flow rate W W Btu/hr Btu/min Btu/s EJ/a GW MBtu/hr MW TJ/a TW W erg/a ft.lbf/min ft.lbf/s kW mW nW quad/yr uW heat transfer coefficient W/m2.K W/m2.K Btu/hr.ft2.degF Btu/hr.ft2.degR Btu/hr.m2.degC Btu/s.ft2.degF J/s.m2.degC W/m2.K cal/h.cm2.degC cal/s.cm2.degC kJ/h.m2.K kW/m2.K kcal/h.m2.degC illuminance lx lx footcandle klx lx irradiance W/m2 W/m2 Btu/hr.ft2 Btu/s.ft2 W/cm2 W/m2 W/mm2 cal/h.cm2 hhp/in2 hp/in2 kW/cm2 kW/m2 mW/m2 ucal/s.cm2 isothermal compressibility m3/J m3/J dm3/MJ dm3/kW.h m3/J m3/kW.h mm3/J ptUK/hp.hr kinematic viscosity m2/s m2/s cSt cm2/s ft2/h ft2/s in2/s m2/h m2/s mm2/s length m m Mm angstrom chBnA chBnB chCla chSe chUS cm dm fathom fm ft ftBnA ftBnB ftBr(65) ftCla ftGC ftInd ftInd(37) ftInd(62) ftInd(75) ftMA ftSe ftUS in in/10 in/16 in/32 in/64 inUS km lkBnA lkBnB lkCla lkSe lkUS m mGer mi miUS mil mm nautmi nm pm um yd ydBnA ydBnB ydCla ydIm ydInd ydInd(37) ydInd(62) ydInd(75) ydSe length per length m/m Euc % ft/100ft ft/ft ft/in ft/m ft/mi km/cm m/30m m/cm m/km m/m mi/in length per temperature m/K m/K ft/degF m/K length per volume ft/bbl ft/bbl ft/bbl ft/ft3 ft/galUS km/L km/dm3 m/m3 mi/galUK mi/galUS level of power intensity B B B dB light exposure lx.s lx.s footcandle.s lx.s mass per length kg/m kg/m Mg/in kg.m/cm2 kg/m klbm/in lbm/ft linear thermal expansion in/in.degF in/in.degF 1/K in/in.degF m/m.K mm/mm.K luminance cd/m2 cd/m2 cd/m2 luminous efficacy lm/W lm/W lm/W luminous flux lm lm lm luminous intensity cd cd cd kcd magnetic dipole moment Wb.m Wb.m Wb.m magnetic field strength A/m A/m A/m A/mm Oe gamma magnetic flux Wb Wb Wb mWb uWb magnetic induction T T T gauss mT mgauss nT uT magnetic permeability H/m H/m H/m uH/m magnetic vector potential Wb/m Wb/m Wb/m Wb/mm mass kg kg Mg ag ct cwtUK cwtUS g grain kg klbm lbm mg oz(av) oz(troy) ozm sack94 t tonUK tonUS ug mass attenuation coefficient m2/kg m2/kg cm2/g m2/g m2/kg mass flow rate kg/s kg/s Mg/a Mg/d Mg/h Mlbm/yr g/s kg/d kg/h kg/min kg/s lbm/d lbm/h lbm/min lbm/s t/a t/d t/h t/min tonUK/a tonUK/d tonUK/h tonUK/min tonUS/a tonUS/d tonUS/h tonUS/min mass length kg.m kg.m ft.lbm kg.m mass per energy kg/J kg/J kg/J kg/MJ kg/kW.h lbm/hp.h mg/J mass per time per area kg/m2.s kg/m2.s MPa.s/m g.ft/cm3.s kPa.s/m kg/m2.s lbm/h.ft2 lbm/s.ft2 mass per time per length Pa.s Pa.s Pa.s kg/m.s lbm/h.ft lbm/s.ft mass per volume per length kg/m4 kg/m4 g/cm4 kg/dm4 kg/m4 lbm/ft4 lbm/galUK.ft lbm/galUS.ft mass concentration Euc Euc % Euc g/kg kg/kg kg/sack94 mg/kg permil ppdk ppk ppm mobility m2/Pa.s m2/Pa.s m2/Pa.s mD.ft2/lbf.s mD.in2/lbf.s mD/Pa.s mD/cP modulus of compression J/m3 J/m3 Btu/bbl Btu/ft3 Btu/galUK Btu/galUS J/dm3 J/m3 MJ/m3 MW.h/m3 cal/cm3 cal/mL cal/mm3 erg/cm3 erg/m3 ft.lbf/bbl ft.lbf/galUS hp.hr/bbl kJ/dm3 kJ/m3 kW.h/dm3 kW.h/m3 kcal/cm3 kcal/m3 lbf.ft/bbl therm/ft3 therm/galUK tonfUS.mi/bbl molar heat capacity J/mol.K J/mol.K Btu/lbmole.F J/mol.K cal/mol.degC kJ/kmol.K molar volume m3/mol m3/mol L/mol L/kmol dm3/kmol ft3/lbmole m3/mol m3/kmol mole per area mol/m2 mol/m2 mol/m2 mole per time mol/s mol/s kmol/h kmol/s lbmole/h lbmole/s mol/s mole per time per area mol/m2.s mol/m2.s lbmole/h.ft2 lbmole/s.ft2 mol/m2.s moment of force J J J N.m dN.m daN.m ft.lbf kN.m kft.lbf kgf.m lbf.ft lbf.in lbm.ft2/s2 pdl.ft tonfUS.ft tonfUS.mi moment of inertia kg.m2 kg.m2 kg.m2 lbm.ft2 moment of section m4 m4 m4 momentum kg.m/s kg.m/s kg.m/s lbm.ft/s neutron API unit nAPI nAPI nAPI nonDarcy flow coefficient Pa.s/m6 Pa.s/m6 Pa.s/m6 psi2.d2/cP.ft6 operations per time 1/s 1/s 1/s Mflops flops parachor N4/kg.m7 N4/kg.m7 (N/m)4/kg.m3 (dyne/cm)4/gcm3 N4/kg.m7 per area 1/m2 1/m2 1/ft2 1/km2 1/m2 1/mi2 per electric potential 1/V 1/V 1/V 1/uV per force 1/N 1/N 1/N 1/lbf per length 1/m 1/m 1/angstrom 1/cm 1/ft 1/in 1/m 1/mi 1/mm 1/nm 1/yd per mass 1/kg 1/kg 1/g 1/kg 1/lbm per volume 1/m3 1/m3 1/L 1/bbl 1/ft3 1/galUK 1/galUS 1/m3 permeability length D.ft D.ft D.ft D.m mD.ft mD.m permeability rock D D D mD permeance H H H mH nH uH permittivity F/m F/m F/m uF/m pH The pH is a class that measures the hydrogen ion concentration (acidity). pH pH pH plane angle rad rad Grad Mrad c ccgr cgr dega gon gr krad mila mina mrad mseca rad seca urad potential difference per power drop V/B V/B V/B power W W CV GW MJ/a MW TW W ch ehp hhp hp kW kcal/h mW nW ton of refrig uW power per volume W/m3 W/m3 Btu/hr.ft3 Btu/s.ft3 W/m3 cal/h.cm3 cal/s.cm3 hp/ft3 kW/m3 uW/m3 pressure Pa Pa GPa MPa Mpsi N/m2 N/mm2 Pa at atm bar cmH2O(4degC) dyne/cm2 hbar inH2O(39.2F) inH2O(60F) inHg(32F) inHg(60F) kN/m2 kPa kgf/cm2 kgf/mm2 kpsi lbf/100ft2 lbf/ft2 lbf/in2 mPa mbar mmHg(0C) pPa psi tonfUS/ft2 tonfUS/in2 torr uPa ubar umHg(0C) upsi pressure per time Pa/s Pa/s MPa/h Pa/h Pa/s atm/h bar/h kPa/h kPa/min psi/h psi/min pressure squared Pa2 Pa2 GPa2 Pa2 bar2 kPa2 kpsi2 psi2 pressure squared per force time per area bar2/cP Pa/s bar2/cP pressure time per volume Pa.s/m3 Pa.s/m3 Pa.s/m3 psi.d/bbl productivity index m3/Pa.s m3/Pa.s 1000ft3/psi.d L/bar.min bbl/kPa.d bbl/psi.d m3/Pa.s m3/Pa/s m3/bar.d m3/bar.h m3/bar.min m3/kPa.d m3/kPa.h m3/psi.d quantity of light lm.s lm.s lm.s talbot radiance W/m2.sr W/m2.sr W/m2.sr radiant intensity W/sr W/sr W/sr relative power Euc Euc % Btu/bhp.hr W/W W/kW Euc relative time ms/s ms/s ms/s reluctance 1/H 1/H 1/H resistance ohm ohm Gohm Mohm Tohm kohm mohm nohm ohm uohm resistivity per length ohm/m ohm/m ohm/m uohm/ft uohm/m second moment of area m4 m4 cm4 in4 m4 solid angle sr sr sr specific activity (of radioactivity) Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg pCi/g specific energy J/kg J/kg Btu/lbm J/g J/kg MJ/kg MW.h/kg cal/g cal/kg cal/lbm erg/g erg/kg ft.lbf/lbm hp.hr/lbm kJ/kg kW.h/kg kcal/g kcal/kg lbf.ft/lbm therm/lbm specific heat capacity J/kg.K J/kg.K Btu/lbm.degF Btu/lbm.degR J/g.K J/kg.K cal/g.K kJ/kg.K kW.h/kg.degC kcal/kg.degC specific productivity index m3/Pa2.s2 m3/Pa2.s2 bbl/cP.d.psi m3/Pa2.s2 m3/cP.Pa.s m3/cP.d.kPa specific volume m3/kg m3/kg L/100kg L/kg L/t L/tonUK bbl/tonUK bbl/tonUS cm3/g dm3/kg dm3/t ft3/kg ft3/lbm ft3/sack94 galUK/lbm galUS/lbm galUS/sack94 galUS/tonUK galUS/tonUS m3/g m3/kg m3/t m3/tonUK m3/tonUS standard volume scm(15C) scm(15C) Gsm3 MMscf(60F) MMscm(15C) MMstb(60F) Mscf(60F) Mstb(60F) ksm3 scf(60F) scm(0C) scm(15C) stb(60F) standard volume per area scm(15C)/m2 scm(15C)/m2 MMstb/acre scf(60F)/ft2 stb(60F)/acre scm(15C)/m2 standard volume per time scm(15C)/s scm(15C)/s MMscf(60F)/d MMscm(15C)/d MMstb(60F)/d Mscf(60F)/d Mscm(15C)/d Mstb(60F)/d ksm3/d scf(60F)/d scm(15C)/d scm(15C)/s stb(60F)/d standard volume per volume scm(0C)/m3 scm(0C)/m3 MMstb/acre.ft scf(60F)/bbl scf(60F)/ft3 scm(0C)/m3 stb(60F)/bbl surface density kg/m2 kg/m2 Mg/m2 kg/m2 lbm/100ft2 lbm/ft2 tonUS/ft2 temperature per length K/m K/m K/m degC/100m degC/ft degC/km degC/m degF/100ft degF/ft degF/m mK/m temperature per time K/s K/s K/s degC/h degC/min degC/s degF/h degF/min degF/s thermal conductance W/K W/K W/K thermal conductivity W/m.K W/m.K Btu/hr.ft.degF W/m.K cal/h.cm.degC cal/s.cm.degC kcal/h.m.degC thermal diffusivity m2/s m2/s cm2/s ft2/h ft2/s in2/s m2/h m2/s mm2/s thermal insulance K.m2/W K.m2/W K.m2/W K.m2/kW degC.m2.h/kcal degF.ft2.h/Btu thermal resistance K/W K/W K/W thermodynamic temperature K K K degC degF degR time s s 100ka Ga Ma a cs d h hs min ms ms/2 ns ps s us wk time per length s/m s/m h/kft h/km min/ft min/m ms/cm ms/ft ms/in ms/m ns/ft ns/m s/cm s/ft s/in s/m us/ft us/m time per volume s/m3 s/m3 d/bbl d/ft3 d/k(ft3) d/m3 h/ft3 h/m3 s/L s/ft3 s/m3 s/qtUK s/qtUS unit productivity index m2/Pa.s m2/Pa.s bbl/d.ft.psi ft3/d.ft.psi m2/Pa.s m2/d.kPa velocity m/s m/s cm/a cm/s dm/s ft/d ft/h ft/min ft/ms ft/s ft/us in/a in/min in/s kft/h kft/s km/h km/s knot m/d m/h m/min m/ms m/s mi/h mil/yr mm/a mm/s nm/s um/s volume m3 m3 1000ft3 L M(ft3) M(m3) MMbbl Mbbl Mcf acre.ft bbl bcf cm3 dm3 flozUK flozUS ft3 galUK galUS hL ha.m in3 km3 m3 mL mi3 mm3 ptUK ptUS qtUK qtUS tcf um2.m yd3 volume flow rate m3/s m3/s 1000ft3/d 1000m3/d 1000m3/h L/h L/min L/s M(ft3)/d M(m3)/d Mbbl/d bbl/d bbl/hr bbl/min cm3/30min cm3/h cm3/min cm3/s dm3/s ft3/d ft3/h ft3/min ft3/s galUK/d galUK/hr galUK/min galUS/d galUS/hr galUS/min kbbl/d m3/d m3/h m3/min m3/s volume length per time m4/s m4/s 1000m4/d Mbbl.ft/d m4/s volume per area m3/m2 m bbl/acre m3/m2 volume per length m3/m m2 L/100km L/m bbl/ft bbl/in bbl/mi dm3/100km dm3/m ft3/ft galUK/mi galUS/ft galUS/mi in3/ft m3/km m3/m volume per standard volume m3/scm(15C) m3/scm(15C) acre.ft/MMstb bbl/stb(60F) ft3/scf(60F) galUS/Mscf(60F) m3/scm(0C) m3/scm(15C) volume per time per area ft3/min.ft2 ft3/min.ft2 ft3/min.ft2 ft3/s.ft2 galUK/hr.ft2 galUK/hr.in2 galUK/min.ft2 galUS/hr.ft2 galUS/hr.in2 galUS/min.ft2 m3/s.m2 volume per time per length bbl/d.ft bbl/d.ft 1000ft3/d.ft 1000m3/d.m 1000m3/h.m bbl/d.ft galUK/hr.ft galUK/hr.in galUK/min.ft galUS/hr.ft galUS/hr.in galUS/min.ft m3/d.m m3/h.m m3/s.ft m3/s.m volume per time per time m3/s2 m3/s2 L/s2 bbl/d2 bbl/hr2 dm3/s2 ft3/d2 ft3/h2 ft3/min2 ft3/s2 galUK/hr2 galUK/min2 galUS/hr2 galUS/min2 m3/d2 m3/s2 volume per time per volume bbl/d.acre.ft bbl/d.acre.ft bbl/d.acre.ft volume per volume Euc Euc % 1000ft3/bbl L/10bbl L/m3 M(ft3)/acre.ft MMbbl/acre.ft MMscf60/stb60 Mscf60/stb60 bbl/100bbl bbl/M(ft3) bbl/acre.ft bbl/bbl bbl/ft3 bbl/k(ft3) cm3/cm3 cm3/m3 dm3/m3 ft3/bbl ft3/ft3 galUK/Mbbl galUK/ft3 galUK/kgalUK galUS/10bbl galUS/Mbbl galUS/bbl galUS/ft3 galUS/kgalUS ksm3/sm3 m3/ha.m m3/m3 mL/galUK mL/galUS mL/mL ptUK/Mbbl ptUS/10bbl scm15/stb60 sm3/ksm3 sm3/sm3 stb60/MMscf60 stb60/MMscm15 stb60/Mscf60 stb60/Mscm15 stb60/scm15 Euc volumetric heat transfer coefficient W/m3.K W/m3.K Btu/hr.ft3.degF Btu/s.ft3.degF W/m3.K kW/m3.K volumetric thermal expansion 1/K 1/K 1/K 1/degC 1/degF 1/degR ppm/degC ppm/degF work J J Btu CV.h Chu EJ GJ GW.h GeV J MJ MW.h MeV TJ TW.h TeV aJ cal ch.h eV erg hp.hr kJ kW.h kcal keV mJ nJ quad therm uJ unknown The value is not known. This value should not be used in normal situations. All reasonable attempts should be made to determine the appropriate value. Use of this value may result in rejection in some situations. MudSubClass Mud Subtype at event occurrence. WITSML water-based drilling fluids A drilling fluid in which water or saltwater is the major liquid phase as well as the wetting (external) phase. 1.4.1.1 freshwater Water with no to very low salinity used as drilling fluid or a base fluid for making WBM. 1.4.1.1 brackish water Water with higher salinity than fresh water, but less than sea water. 1.4.1.1 sea water Offshore locations may use sea water as a base fluid for WBM. It is denser than fresh water and has higher salinity. 1.4.1.1 brine A solution of a salt (organic or inorganic) in water with a wide density range depending on salt type and concentration. 1.4.1.1 caesium formate A chloride-free colorless 18.34 ppg brine that can be blended with potassium formate for lower densities. 1.4.1.1 potassium formate A single-salt clear (chloride-free) brine fluid. Pure potassium formate solutions can be prepared with densities between 8.4 ppg and 13.1 ppg. 1.4.1.1 sodium formate A single-salt used clear (chloride-free) brine fluid. Densities range from 8.4 ppg to 11.0 ppg. 1.4.1.1 lignite/lignosulfonate mud Lignite and/or lignosulfonate added to water-based mud to reduce viscosity and gel strengths. 1.4.1.1 lime mud A type of water-based mud that is saturated with lime-Ca(OH)2-and has excess, undissolved lime solids maintained in reserve. 1.4.1.1 gyp mud A calcium-based water mud system containing gysum. 1.4.1.1 potassium-treated mud A class of muds that contain potassium ion (K+) dissolved in the water phase for shale inhibition. 1.4.1.1 salt water mud A water mud containing varying amounts of dissolved salts as a major component for density and inhibition. 1.4.1.1 saturated salt mud A water mud that contains salt up to the saturation point for a certain salt. Saturated saltwater systems are designed to prevent the enlargement of the wellbore while drilling salt sections. 1.4.1.1 seawater mud A special class of saltwater muds where seawater is used as the fluid phase. 1.4.1.1 spud mud A fluid used when drilling starts at the surface, often a thick bentonite/lime slurry. 1.4.1.1 native/natural mud A water-based fluid that incorporates drilled native solids/clays to maintain its rheological properties. 1.4.1.1 low solids, non-dispersed A water-based mud containing low solids (HGS or LGS) with no dispersants or thinners. 1.4.1.1 lightly treated non-dispersed A water-based mud containing low polymer concentrations and no dispersants. 1.4.1.1 polymer mud A water-based mud that uses polymers for rheological properties, filtration and sometimes encapsulation 1.4.1.1 silicate mud A type of shale-inhibitive water base drilling fluid that contains sodium silicate or potassium silicate polymeric ions. 1.4.1.1 glycol mud A water-based mud containing one or more of the glycol compounds for inhibition and sometimes hydrates suppression. 1.4.1.1 mixed-metal oxide mud A low-solids, flocculated, cationic drilling fluid system which provides excellent hole-cleaning and solids-suspension characteristics. 1.4.1.1 non-aqueous (invert emulsion) drilling fluids An invert-emulsion mud or an emulsion with an Diesel, Mineral oil or a Synthetic base fluid as the continuous phase 1.4.1.1 diesel oil-based A non-aqueous fluid that uses #2-grade diesel most of the time as the continuous phase. 1.4.1.1 mineral oil-based A non-aqueous fluid that uses a refined base oil with a much lower aromatic content than diesel. 1.4.1.1 low toxicity mineral oil-based A non-aqueous fluid that uses a highly purified material having lower Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon content. 1.4.1.1 internal-olefin synthetic-based A synthetic-based drilling fluid with a base fluid that only contains carbon and hydrogen. It is formed by isomerizing Linear-Alpha-Olefins. 1.4.1.1 linear-alpha-olefin synthetic-based A synthetic-based drilling fluid where the base fluid only contains carbon and hydrogen where monomers are oligomerized to form that linear chain. 1.4.1.1 linear paraffin synthetic-based A synthetic-based drilling fluid where the base fluid only contains carbon and hydrogen. It is formed by either a purely synthetic route or by a multi-step refinery process that includes hydrocracking and the use of molecular-sieve separation. 1.4.1.1 ester synthetic-based A synthetic based fluid with a base fluid that contains oxygen in its structure characterized by a fast biodegradation compared to other synthetic-based fluids. 1.4.1.1 pneumatic (gaseous) drilling fluids Pneumatic drilling fluids are a mix of compressed air, gas or nitrogen, water and chemicals to achieve certain properties 1.4.1.1 air Atmospheric air compressed and pumped by itself or injected as part of a fluid. 1.4.1.1 mist Air combined with a small amount of surfactant (soap) and water mixture to create a mist. 1.4.1.1 stiff foam A mixture of compressed air, viscosified water and a surfactant foaming agent. 1.4.1.1 stable foam A mixture of compressed air, water and a surfactant foaming agent 1.4.1.1 natural gas Compressed naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas 1.4.1.1 aerated mud Compressed air or gas injected into water to reduce the mud weight 1.4.1.1 nitrogen-aerated mud Compressed air with 95% nitrogen to reduce the risk of downhole fire 1.4.1.1 NameTagLocation Defines the locations where an equipment tag might be found. WITSML body The body of the equipment. For tubular components this specifies a location toward the middle of the component. box The female threaded end of a device. pin The male threaded end of a device. other This, by exclusion, tells a user to look elsewhere than on the body or near the ends of a component. unknown The value is not known. This value should not be used in normal situations. All reasonable attempts should be made to determine the appropriate value. Use of this value may result in rejection in some situations. NameTagNumberingScheme Defines the specifications for creating equipment tags. WITSML EPC64 RFID - Electronic Product Code, 64 bit. EPC96 RFID - Electronic Product Code, 96 bit. MSRCID RFID - Merrick Systems Rapid Component Identification. ANSI/AIM-BC2 Barcode - 1995, Uniform Symbology Specification ANSI/AIM-BC6 Barcode - 1995, Uniform Symbology Multi Row Specification ANSI/AIM-BC10 Barcode - 1996, International Symbology Specification - MaxiCode EAN.UCC Barcode - Composite Symbology F2F Magnetic - ISO/IEC 7811 MFM Magnetic - 'Modified Frequency Modulation for Magnetic Stripes' standard developed by AIM Inc. serial number Serial number contains a code which does not require any further knowledge of an encoding scheme to manipulate or process. The identifier is the only information in the 'tag'. unknown The value is not known. This value should not be used in normal situations. All reasonable attempts should be made to determine the appropriate value. Use of this value may result in rejection in some situations. NameTagTechnology Defines the mechanisms for attaching an equipment tag to an item. WITSML tagged Independent identification components attached or embedded to a larger component for purposes of identification of the larger component. Tags typically use electronic, radio or sound based technologies and that require a special non-optical device to read them. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID tags) are of this type, as are some magnetic and sound based identification technologies. labeled An optical label attached to a component. The label may be glued, riveted or attached by some other method and may contain a serial number, barcode or other optically recognized information. Note that a label may possibly have a combination of identifiers associated with it, such as a serial number, a barcode and an embedded RFID identifier. This would generate three nameTags for the one physical label, two of type 'label' for the barcode and serial number and one of type 'tagged' for the RFID identifier. intrinsic Identification technologies where the intrinsic properties of the component to be identified contain the identification information and no other unique code has been added. For example, some magnetic identification technologies use grooves machined into a component. Some components may also be identified, for example, by their individual sonic signature or optical profile. stamped An identification code physically stamped into the base material of the component to be identified. Note that if a serial number is stamped into a label attached to a component, 'labeled' should be used and not 'stamped'. Stamped identifiers can wear off but can not fall off. painted Painted or stenciled on the material. temporary Temporary identification codes marked with grease pencil, chalk, or such. unknown The value is not known. This value should not be used in normal situations. All reasonable attempts should be made to determine the appropriate value. Use of this value may result in rejection in some situations. ObjectGroupKind Defines the kind of objectGroup. WITSML drilling Run of BHA tools from the time they go below the rotary table, to the time they come back up. The sequence element represents the BHA run number. The sequence1 element represents the BHA pass number within the run. The range elements represent the portion of the wellbore traversed by the BHA for that run. 1.4.1.0 wireline Run of wirelilne tools from the time they go below the rotary table, to the time they come back up. The sequence element represents the wireline run (trip) number. The sequence1 element represents the pass number within the run. The range elements represent the portion of the wellbore traversed by the tool for that run. 1.4.1.0 pressure test Run of pressure test tools from the time they go below the rotary table, to the time they come back up. The sequence element represents the pressure test run number. The sequence1 element represents the pass number within the run. The sequence2 element represents the test number within the pass. The range elements represent the portion of the wellbore traversed by the tool for that run. The reference elements represent the time and depth of the test. 1.4.1.0 flow test Run of flow test tools from the time they go below the rotary table, to the time they come back up. The sequence element represents the flow test run number. The sequence1 element represents the pass number within the run. The sequence2 element represents the test number within the pass. The range elements represent the portion of the wellbore traversed by the tool for that run. The reference elements represent the time and depth of the test. 1.4.1.0 hole section The group collects the data-objects which operate within a portion of the wellbore with the same hole size. The sequence element represents the ordered sequence of the hole size within the wellbore. A sequence number of one represents the shallowest section. The range elements represent the portion of the wellbore with the same hole size. The parameter with the name "holeSize" represents the numeric size of the hole and MUST be specified with a "length" unit of measure. 1.4.1.0 coring The group collects the data-objects which relate to a cored interval. The sequence element represents the BHA run within which the core was taken. The range elements represent the portion of the wellbore from which the core was taken. The reference elements represent the time and depth of the core. The parameter with the name "coreLength" represents the numeric length of the core and MUST be specified with a "length" unit of measure. 1.4.1.0 drill report The group collects the data-objects which relate to a reporting period. The sequence element represents the Nth report. The range elements represent the portion of the wellbore which was drilled during the period. The reference date-time element represents the time of the end of the reporting period. 1.4.1.0 other Primarily allows objectGroup.groupType not be constrained to enum values. 1.4.1.1 unknown The value is not known. This value should not be used in normal situations. All reasonable attempts should be made to determine the appropriate value. Use of this value may result in rejection in some situations. 1.4.1.0 QualifierType These values represent the type of qualifier in lithology. WITSML alkali feldspar rhyolite Rhyolitoid in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is less than 0.1. QAPF field 2. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true alkali olivine basalt Alkali olivine basalt is silica-undersaturated, characterized by the absence of orthopyroxene, absence of quartz, presence of olivine, and typically contains some feldspathoid mineral, alkali feldspar or phlogopite in the groundmass. Feldspar phenocrysts typically are labradorite to andesine in composition. Augite is rich in titanium compared to augite in tholeiitic basalt. Alkali olivine basalt is relatively rich in sodium. Carmichael, I.S. Turner, F.J., Verhoogen, John, 1974, Igneous petrology: New York, McGraw HIll Book Co., p.42-43. 1.4.1.0 noun true amphibolite Metamorphic rock mainly consisting of green, brown or black amphibole and plagioclase (including albite), which combined form 75 percent or more of the rock, and both of which are present as major constituents. The amphibole constitutes 50 percent or more of the total mafic constituents and is present in an amount of 30 percent or more; other common minerals include quartz, clinopyroxene, garnet, epidote-group minerals, biotite, titanite and scapolite. Coutinho et al. 2007, IUGS SCMR chapter 8. 1.4.1.0 both true amphibolitic VARIANT. See "amphibolite". 1.4.1.0 adjective amphibolite andesite Fine-grained igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz and less than 10 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field O2 as andesite. Basalt and andesite, which share the same QAPF fields, are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight. Typically consists of plagioclase (frequently zoned from labradorite to oligoclase), pyroxene, hornblende and/or biotite. Fine grained equivalent of dioritic rock. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true andesitic VARIANT. See "andesite". 1.4.1.0 adjective andesite anhydrite Indicates that the associated lithology contains or resembles the evaporite mineral anhydrite (CaSO4). 1.4.0.0 both true anhydritic VARIANT. See "anhydrite". 1.3.1.0 adjective anhydrite ankerite A matrix cement dominantly composed of Ankerite. Ankerite is a calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese carbonate mineral of the group of rhombohedral carbonates with formula: Ca(Fe, Mg, Mn)(CO3)2. In composition it is closely related to dolomite, but differs from this in having magnesium replaced by varying amounts of iron(II) and manganese. ( AS a matrix cement it is seen in HP HT North Sea HPHT reservoirs such as Elgin and Franklin which have almost pure Ankerite cementation ), 1.4.1.0 both true ankeritic VARIANT. See "ankerite". 1.4.1.0 adjective ankerite anorthositic rock Leucocratic phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting essentially of plagioclase, often with small amounts of pyroxene. By definition, colour index M is less than 10, and plagiclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.9. Less than 20 percent quartz and less than 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10, 10*, and 10'. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true anthracite Coal that has vitrinite mean random reflectance greater than 2.0 percent (determined in conformance with ISO 7404-5). Less than 12-14 percent volatiles (dry, ash free), greater than 91 percent fixed carbon (dry, ash free basis). The highest rank coal; very hard, glossy, black, with semimetallic luster, semi conchoidal fracture. Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp; see also Neuendorf et al. 2005 1.4.1.0 both true anthracitic VARIANT. See "anthracite". 1.4.1.0 adjective anthracite aplite Light coloured crystalline rock, characterized by a fine grained allotriomorphic-granular (aplitic, saccharoidal or xenomorphic) texture; typically granitic composition, consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and sodic plagioclase. Neuendorf et al 2005. 1.4.1.0 both true aplitic VARIANT. See "aplite". 1.4.1.0 adjective aplite arenite Clastic sandstone that contains less than 10 percent matrix. Matrix is mud-size silicate minerals (clay, feldspar, quartz, rock fragments, and alteration products) of detrital or diagenetic nature. Pettijohn, Potter, Siever, 1972, Sand and Sandstone: New York, Springer Verlag, 681 p. WITSML note: In drill cuttings there is a tendancy for grains to break apart, and loose the matrix, so frequently Sandstone is used rather then Arenite. 1.4.1.0 both true arenitic VARIANT. See "arenite". 1.4.1.0 adjective arenite argillaceous VARIANT. See "clay". 1.3.1.0 adjective clay arkose An indurated arenaceous deposit consisting chiefly of quartz and feldspar (greater than 25%). 1.4.1.0 both true arkosic VARIANT. See "arkose". 1.4.1.0 adjective arkose barite Indicates that the associated lithology contains the mineral barite [baryte] (BaSO4). 1.3.1.0 both baritic VARIANT. See "barite". 1.4.0.0 adjective barite basalt Fine-grained or porphyritic igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz, and less than 10 percent feldspathoid minerals, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Typically composed of calcic plagioclase and clinopyroxene; phenocrysts typically include one or more of calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field B as basalt. Basalt and andesite are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true basaltic VARIANT. See "basalt". 1.4.1.0 adjective basalt basanite Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9, and contains more than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true basanitic VARIANT. See "basanite". 1.4.1.0 adjective basanite bauxite Highly aluminous material containing abundant aluminium hydroxides (gibbsite, less commonly boehmite, diaspore) and aluminium-substituted iron oxides or hydroxides and generally minor or negligible kaolin minerals; may contain up to 20 percent quartz. Commonly has a pisolitic or nodular texture, and may be cemented. Eggleton 2001. 1.4.1.0 both true bauxitic VARIANT. See "bauxite". 1.4.1.0 adjective bauxite belemnites Indicates that the associated lithology contains belemnite (Carboniferous - Eocene) fossils or fragments thereof. 1.4.0.0 both belemnitic VARIANT. See "belemnites". 1.3.1.0 adjective belemnites bioturbated VARIANT. See "bioturbation". 1.3.1.0 adjective bioturbation bioturbation Indicates that the associated lithology has been disturbed by the (burrowing) activities of organisms before consolidation of the sediment. 1.4.0.0 both bitumen Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or resembling bitumen (asphalt), pitch or tar. 1.4.0.0 both bituminous VARIANT. See "bitumen". 1.3.1.0 adjective bitumen bituminous coal Coal that has vitrinite mean random reflectance greater than 0.6 percent and less than 2.0 percent (determined in conformance with ISO 7404-5), or has a gross calorific value greater than 24 MJ/kg (determined in conformance with ISO 1928). Hard, black, organic rich sedimentary rock; contains less than 91 percent fixed carbon on a dry, mineral-matter-free basis, and greater than 13-14 percent volatiles (dry, ash free). Formed from the compaction or induration of variously altered plant remains similar to those of peaty deposits. Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp. 1.4.1.0 both true blueschist metamorphic rock Glaucophane lawsonite epidote metamorphic rock. A metamorphic rock of roughly basaltic composition, defined by the presence of glaucophane with lawsonite or epidote. Other minerals that may be present include jadeite, albite, chlorite, garnet, and muscovite (phengitic white mica). Typically fine-grained, dark colored. Category for rocks commonly referred to as blueschist. OneGeology, simplified for WITSML to blueschist metamorphic rock 1.4.1.0 noun true boninite andesitic rock that contains more than 8 percent MgO. Typically consists of phenocrysts of protoenstatite, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and olivine in a glassy base full of crystallites, and exhibits textures characterisitc of rapid crystal growth. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true breccia Coarse-grained material composed of angular broken rock fragments; the fragments typically have sharp edges and unworn corners. The fragments may be held together by a mineral cement or in a fine-grained matrix, and consolidated or nonconsolidated. Clasts may be of any composition or origin. In sedimentary environments, breccia is used for material that consists entirely of angular fragments, mostly derived from a single source rock body, as in a rock avalanche deposit, and matrix is interpreted to be the product of comminution of clasts during transport. Diamictite or diamicton is used when the material reflects mixing of rock from a variety of sources, some sub angular or subrounded clasts may be present, and matrix is pre-existing fine grained material that is not a direct product of the brecciation/deposition process. Neuendorf et al. 2005. 1.4.1.0 both true brecciated VARIANT. See "breccia". 1.4.1.0 adjective breccia bryozoan VARIANT. See "bryozoans". 1.4.0.0 adjective bryozoans bryozoans Indicates that the associated lithology contains or is characteristic of bryozoan (Ordovician - Recent) fossils or fragments thereof. 1.3.1.0 both burrowed VARIANT. See "burrows". 1.3.1.0 adjective burrows burrows Indicates that the associated lithology has been disturbed by burrowing organisms before consolidation of the sediment. 1.4.0.0 both calcareous Indicates that the associated lithology comprises (matrix) material containing or characteristic of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). 1.3.1.0 adjective calcite Indicates that the associated lithology comprises (matrix) material containing or resembling the crystalline form of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). 1.4.0.0 both true calcite concr DEPRECATED. See "calcite concretion". 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 calcite concretion noun calcite concretion Indicates that the associated lithology contains rounded nodules of crystalline calcium carbonate. 1.4.0.0 noun calcitic VARIANT. See "calcite". 1.4.0.0 adjective calcite carbonaceous Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or yielding carbon. 1.3.1.0 adjective carbonate ooze Ooze that consists of more than 50 percent carbonate skeletal remains. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 both true carbonatite Igneous rock composed of more than 50 percent modal carbonate minerals. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true carbonatitic VARIANT. See "carbonatite". 1.4.1.0 adjective carbonatite chalk Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or resembling a soft compact form of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). 1.4.0.0 both true chalky VARIANT. See "chalk". 1.3.1.0 adjective chalk chamosite Indicates that the associated lithology contains or resembles chamosite, a generally greenish-gray or black silicate mineral of iron and aluminium. 1.3.1.0 both chamositic VARIANT. See "chamosite". 1.4.0.0 adjective chamosite chert Indicates that the associated lithology contains or resembles the microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline form of quartz (SiO2). 1.3.1.0 both true cherty VARIANT. See "chert". 1.4.0.0 adjective chert chlorite Indicates that the associated lithology contains or resembles chlorite, a generally green or black flaky phyllosilicate mineral. 1.3.1.0 both true chloritic VARIANT. See "chlorite". 1.4.0.0 adjective chlorite clay Mud that consists of greater than 50 percent particles with grain size less than 0.004 mm.based on SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005; particle size from Wentworth grade scale. 1.4.1.0 both true claystone Mudstone that contains no detectable silt, inferred to consist virtually entirely of clay-size particles. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 noun true coal A consolidated organic sedimentary material having less than 75 percent moisture. This category includes low, medium, and high rank coals according to International Classification of In-Seam Coal (United Nations, 1998), thus including lignite. Sapropelic coal is not distinguished in this category from humic coals. Formed from the compaction or induration of variously altered plant remains similar to those of peaty deposits. Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp. 1.4.0.0 noun true concretionary VARIANT. See "concretions". 1.4.0.0 adjective concretions concretions Indicates that the associated lithology contains rounded masses of mineral material. 1.3.1.0 both conglomerate Indicates that the associated lithology contains rounded rock fragments of greater than 20mm in size. 1.4.0.0 both true conglomeratic VARIANT. See "conglomerate". 1.3.1.0 adjective conglomerate coral DEPRECATED. See "coral fragments". 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 coral fragments noun coral fragments Indicates that the associated lithology contains or resembles corals (late Pre-Cambrian - Recent) and/or coral fragments. 1.4.0.0 both coralline VARIANT. See "coral fragments". 1.4.0.0 adjective coral fragments crinoidal VARIANT. See "crinoids". 1.4.0.0 adjective crinoids crinoids Indicates that the associated lithology contains or resembles crinoids (Mid Cambrian - Recent) and/or crinoid fragments. 1.3.1.0 both dacite Fine grained or porphyritic crystalline rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 20 and 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 4 and 5 or chemically in TAS Field O3. Typcially composed of quartz and sodic plagioclase with minor amounts of biotite and/or hornblende and/or pyroxene; fine-grained equivalent of granodiorite and tonalite. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true dacitic VARIANT. See "dacite". 1.4.1.0 adjective dacite diabase Igneous rock of grain size intermediate between basalt and gabbro composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene and opaque minerals. Synonym: dolerite. 1.4.1.0 both true diabasic VARIANT. See "diabase". 1.4.1.0 adjective diabase diamictite Unsorted or poorly sorted, clastic sedimentary rock with a wide range of particle sizes including a muddy matrix. Biogenic materials that have such texture are excluded. Distinguished from conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone based on polymodality and lack of structures related to transport and deposition of sediment by moving air or water. If more than 10 percent of the fine grained matrix is of indeterminant clastic or diagenetic origin and the fabric is matrix supported, may also be categorized as wacke. Fairbridge and Bourgeois 1978. 1.4.1.0 both true diamictitic VARIANT. See "diamictite". 1.4.1.0 adjective diamictite diatomaceous VARIANT. See "diatoms". 1.4.0.0 adjective diatoms diatoms Indicates that the associated lithology contains or resembles diatoms and/or diatom fragments. 1.3.1.0 both diorite Plutonic igneous rock consisting of plagioclase feldspar, commonly with hornblende and biotite. 1.4.1.0 both true dioritic VARIANT. See "diorite". 1.4.1.0 adjective diorite dioritoid Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, consisting of intermediate plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite. Plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater that 0.65, and anorthite content of plagioclase is less than 50 percent. Less than 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and less than 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 (and their subdivisions). LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true dioritoidic VARIANT. See "dioritoid". 1.4.1.0 adjective dioritoid doleritic rock Dark colored gabbroic (basaltic) or dioritic (andesitic) rock intermediate in grain size between basalt and gabbro and composed of plagioclase, pyroxene and opaque minerals; often with ophitic texture. Typically occurs as hypabyssal intrusions. Includes dolerite, microdiorite, diabase and microgabbro. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true dolomite Indicates that the associated lithology comprises (matrix) material containing or resembling a magnesium-rich carbonate mineral of calcium (CaMg(CO3)2). 1.3.1.0 both true true dolomite concretion Indicates that the associated lithology has rounded nodules of dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2). 1.3.1.0 noun dolomite stringer Indicates that the associated lithology contains thin beds of dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2). 1.3.1.0 noun dolomitic VARIANT. See "dolomite". 1.3.1.0 adjective dolomite eclogite Metamorphic rock composed of 75 percent or more (by volume) omphacite and garnet, both of which are present as major constituents, the amount of neither of them being higher than 75 percent (by volume); the presence of plagioclase precludes classification as an eclogite. IUGS SCMR 2007 1.4.1.0 both true eclogitic VARIANT. See "eclogite". 1.4.1.0 adjective eclogite exotic alkaline rock Kimberlite, lamproite, or lamprophyre. Generally are potassic, mafic or ultramafic rocks. Olivine (commonly serpentinized in kimberlite), and phlogopite are significant constituents. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true feldspar Indicates that the associated lithology comprises (matrix) material containing or resembling the rock-forming aluminosilicate minerals of sodium, potassium or calcium. 1.3.1.0 both true feldsparic VARIANT. See "feldspar". 1.4.0.0 adjective feldspar feldspathic VARIANT. See "feldspar". 1.4.0.0 adjective feldspar feldspathic arenite Clastic sandstone that contains less than 10 percent matrix. Matrix is mud-size silicate minerals (clay, feldspar, quartz, rock fragments, and alteration products) of detrital or diagenetic nature. Sandstones that contain less than 90 percent quartz.Dott, R. H, (1964). Wacke, Graywacke and matrix-what approach to immature sandstone classification: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v-34, p. 625-632. 1.4.1.0 noun true ferruginous Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or resembling minerals rich in iron oxide or iron hydroxide. 1.3.1.0 adjective fine grained igneous rock Undifferentaited Igneous rock in which the framework of the rock consists of crystals that are too small to determine mineralogy with the unaided eye; framework may include up to 50 percent glass. A significant percentage of the rock by volume may be phenocrysts. Includes rocks that are generally called volcanic rocks. Gillespie and Styles 1999; LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true fissile DEPRECATED. The term 'fissile' doesn't belong in this list as it is neither qualifier or modifier .... it is a descriptor of 'grain fabric'. 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 unknown unknown foid dioritoid Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock in which M is less than 90, the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.5, feldspathoid minerals form 10-60 percent of the QAPF fraction, plagioclase has anorthite content less than 50 percent. These rocks typically contain large amounts of mafic minerals. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 13 and 14. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true foid gabbroid Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock in which M is less than 90, the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.5, feldspathoids form 10-60 percent of the QAPF fraction, and plagioclase has anorthite content greater than 50 percent. These rocks typically contain large amounts of mafic minerals. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 13 and 14. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true foid syenitoid Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, contains between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.5. Includes QAPF fields 11 and 12. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true foidite Foiditoid that contains greater than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true foiditic VARIANT. See "foidite". 1.4.1.0 adjective foidite foiditoid Fine grained crystalline rock containing less than 90 percent mafic minerals and more than 60 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 15 or chemically in TAS field F. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true foidolite Phaneritic crystalline rock containing more than 60 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 15. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true foidolitic VARIANT. See "foidolite". 1.4.1.0 adjective foidolite foliated metamorphic rock Metamorphic rock in which 10 percent or more of the contained mineral grains are elements in a planar or linear fabric. Cataclastic or glassy character precludes classification with this concept. Based on NADM SLTT metamorphic. 1.4.1.0 noun true foraminifera VARIANT. See "forams". 1.4.0.0 noun forams foraminiferous VARIANT. See "forams". 1.4.0.0 adjective forams forams Indicates that the associated lithology contains marine micro-organisms of the order Foraminifera (Devonian - Recent), having a calcareous shell. 1.4.0.0 both forams undifferentiated DEPRECATED. See forams. 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 forams noun fossil fragment DEPRECATED. See "fossil fragments". 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 fossil fragments noun fossil fragments Indicates that the associated lithology contains material comprised of fossils or fossil fragments. 1.4.0.0 both fossiliferous VARIANT. See "fossil fragments". 1.4.0.0 adjective fossil fragments fossils undifferentiated Indicates that the associated lithology contains material comprised of fossils or fossil fragments of undetermined type type, form or species. 1.3.1.0 noun fragmental igneous rock Igneous rock in which greater than 75 percent of the rock consists of fragments produced as a result of igneous rock-forming process. Includes pyroclastic rocks, autobreccia associated with lava flows and intrusive breccias. Excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes (see Tuffite). 1.4.1.0 noun true gabbro Gabbroic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 10 as gabbro. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true gabbroic VARIANT. See "gabbro". 1.4.1.0 adjective gabbro gabbroic rock Gabbroid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9 in the QAPF fraction. Includes QAPF fields 10*, 10, and 10'. This category includes the various categories defined in LeMaitre et al. (2002) based on the mafic mineralogy, but apparently not subdivided based on the quartz/feldspathoid content. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true gabbroid Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, and up to 20 percent quartz or up to 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. The ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater than 0.65, and anorthite content of the plagioclase is greater than 50 percent. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 and their subdivisions. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true gabbroidic VARIANT. See "gabbroid". 1.4.1.0 adjective gabbroid gilsonite Indicates that the associated lithology contains material containing or resembling gilsonite (uintaite), a brilliant black variety of asphalt occurring in rounded masses. 1.4.0.0 both gilsonitic VARIANT. See "gilsonite". 1.4.0.0 adjective gilsonite glauconite Indicates that the associated lithology comprises (matrix) material containing or resembling the generally greenish authogenic clay mineral glauconite. 1.3.1.0 both true glauconitic VARIANT. See "glauconite". 1.3.1.0 adjective glauconite gneiss Foliated metamorphic rock with bands or lenticles rich in granular minerals alternating with bands or lenticles rich in minerals with a flaky or elongate prismatic habit. Mylonitic foliation or well developed, continuous schistosity (greater than 50 percent of the rock consists of grains participate in a planar or linear fabric) precludes classification with this concept. Neuendorf et al. 2005. 1.4.1.0 both true gneissic VARIANT. See "gneiss". 1.4.1.0 adjective gneiss granite Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and plagioclase (typically sodic) in variable amounts, usually with biotite and/or hornblende. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 3. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true granitic VARIANT. See "granite". 1.4.1.0 adjective granite granodiorite Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting essentially of quartz, sodic plagioclase and lesser amounts of alkali feldspar with minor hornblende and biotite. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 4. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true granodioritic VARIANT. See "granodiorite". 1.4.1.0 adjective granodiorite granofels Metamorphic rock with granoblastic fabric and very little or no foliation (less than 10 percent of the mineral grains in the rock are elements in a planar or linear fabric). Grainsize not specified. SLTTm 2004. 1.4.1.0 noun true granulite Metamorphic rock of high metamorphic grade in which Fe-Mg silicate minerals are dominantly hydroxl-free; feldspar must be present, and muscovite is absent; rock contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, less than 75 percent calcite and/or dolomite, less than 75 percent quartz, less than 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), and less than 50 percent calc-silicate minerals. Fettes and Desmons (2007). See also Wimmenauer (1985), Winkler (1979) (D.R. Bowes (1989), The Encyclopedia of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology; Van Nostrand Reinhold ISBN: 0-442-20623-2 1.4.1.0 both true granulitic VARIANT. See "granulite". 1.4.1.0 adjective granulite gravel Indicates that the associated lithology contains particles in the size range of 2mm - 20mm. 1.4.0.0 both true gravelly VARIANT. See "gravel". 1.3.1.0 adjective gravel greenstone Chlorite actinolite epidote metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rock characterized by 50 percent or more of combined chlorite, actinolite and epidote. Category for rocks generally named greenschist or greenstone. OneGeology, simplified for WITSML to Greenstone. 1.4.1.0 noun true gumbo A term used in the U.S. for clay soils that become sticky, impervious, and plastic when wet. 1.4.1.0 noun true gypsiferous VARIANT. See "gypsum". 1.3.1.0 adjective gypsum gypsum Indicates that the associated lithology comprises (matrix) material containing or resembling the evaporite mineral gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O). 1.4.0.0 both true halite Indicates that the associated lithology contains or resembles the common evaporite mineral Halite (NaCl). 1.3.1.0 both true halitic VARIANT. See "halite". 1.4.0.0 adjective halite hornfels Granofels formed by contact metamorphism, composed of a mosaic of equidimensional grains in a characteristically granoblastic or decussate matrix; porphyroblasts or relict phenocrysts may be present. Typically fine grained. 1.4.1.0 both true hornfelsic VARIANT. See "hornfels". 1.4.1.0 adjective hornfels igneous VARIANT. See "igneous rock". 1.4.1.0 adjective igneous rock igneous rock Undefined rock formed as a result of igneous processes, for example intrusion and cooling of magma in the crust, or volcanic eruption. Neuendorf et al 2005. 1.4.1.0 both true illite Indicates that the associated lithology comprises (matrix) material containing or resembling the common clay mineral illite. 1.3.1.0 both true illitic VARIANT. See "illite". 1.4.0.0 adjective illite impact generated material Material that contains features indicative of shock metamorphism, such as microscopic planar deformation features within grains or shatter cones, interpreted to be the result of extraterrestrial bolide impact. Includes breccias and melt rocks. Stöffler and Grieve 2007; Jackson 1997. 1.4.1.0 noun true impure dolomite Impure carbonate sedimentary rock with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 noun true impure limestone Impure carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 noun true intrusive rock (plutonic) Igneous rock formed by cooling and solidification of magma within the earth's crust. 1.4.1.0 noun true iron rich sedimentary rock Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis. Corresponds to a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight. Hallsworth and Knox 1999; SLTTs 2004. 1.4.1.0 both true kalsilitic and melilitic rocks Igneous rock containing greater than 10 percent melilite or kalsilite. Typically undersaturated, ultrapotassic (kalsilitic rocks) or calcium-rich (melilitic rocks) mafic or ultramafic rocks. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true kaolinite Indicates that the associated lithology comprises (matrix) material containing or resembling the common clay mineral kaolinite. 1.3.1.0 both true kaolinitic VARIANT. See "kaolinite". 1.4.0.0 adjective kaolinite komatiitic rock Ultramafic, magnesium-rich volcanic rock, typically with spinifex texture of intergrown skeletal and bladed olivine and pyroxene crystals set in abundant glass. Includes komatiite and meimechite. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true latitic rock Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.35 and 0.65. QAPF fields 8, 8' and 8*. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true lignite Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or resembling a soft brownish-black form of coal. 1.3.1.0 both true lignitic VARIANT. See "lignite". 1.4.0.0 adjective lignite lime boundstone Biogenic textural class. The origianl components were bound and encrusted together by the action of plants and animals in the position of growth. That is, Reef limestones. Hallsworth and Knox 1999. These are incremental additions to OneGeology to add the Dunham depositional terms used in Carbonates. When plotting these, they will all plot as Limestone. 1.4.1.0 noun true lime framestone Biogenic textural class. Carbonate reef rock consisting of a rigid framework of colonies, shells or skeletons, with internal cavities filled with fine sediment; usually created through the activities of colonial organisms. Source () Hallsworth & Knox 1999; SLTTs 2004, Table 15-3-1 1.4.1.0 noun true lime grainstone Depositional textural cassification. Grain supported carbonate with little ( less than 25 percent) carbonate matrix. Hallsworth and Knox 1999. These are incremental additions to OneGeology to add the Dunham depositional terms used in Carbonates. When plotting these, they will all plot as Limestone. 1.4.1.0 noun true lime mudstone Depositional textural cassification. Original components not bound together during deposition. Contains mud (clay and fine silt-size carbonate). Mud-supported (particles greater than 20 mm). Less than 10 percent Grains. Mudstone that contains between 10 and 50 percent carbonate minerals in the mud size fraction. Carbonate origin is not specified. The operational test typically used to identify this category is if the rock fizzes when hydrochloric acid is applied. The '10 percent carbonate' criteria is a fuzzy boundary. 1.4.1.0 noun true lime packstone Grain supported carbonate. Original components not bound together during deposition. Contains mud (clay and fine silt-size carbonate). Hallsworth and Knox 1999. These are incremental additions to OneGeology to add the Dunham depositional terms used in Carbonates. When plotting these, they will all plot as Limestone. 1.4.1.0 noun true lime wackestone Depositional textural cassification. Original components not bound together during deposition. Matrix supported. Contains less than 75 percent mud grade (less than 32 micrometer) calcite. (clay and fine silt-size carbonate). Mud-supported (particles greater than 20 mm). Greater than 10 percent Grains. Hallsworth and Knox 1999. These are incremental additions to OneGeology to add the Dunham depositional terms used in Carbonates. When plotting these, they will all plot as Limestone. 1.4.1.0 noun true limestone Pure carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes limestone and dolomitic limestone. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 noun true limestone stringer Indicates that the associated lithology contains thin beds of limestone. 1.3.1.0 noun limestone, argillaceous A limestone homogeneously mixed with 10-50% clay minerals. 1.4.1.0 noun true limestone, dolomitic A limestone containing 10-50% dolomite and 50-90% calcite. 1.4.1.0 noun true limestone, sandy A limestone homogeneously mixed with 10-50% quartz grains. 1.4.1.0 noun true lithic VARIANT. See "lithic fragments". 1.4.0.0 adjective lithic fragments lithic fragment DEPRECATED. See "lithic fragments". 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 lithic fragments noun lithic fragments Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or characteristic of undetermined rock fragments. 1.4.0.0 both marble Metamorphic rock consisting of greater than 75 percent fine- to coarse-grained recrystallized calcite and/or dolomite; usually with a granoblastic, saccharoidal texture. IUGS SCMR 2007 1.4.1.0 noun true marcasite Indicates that the associate lithology comprises material containing or characteristic of the white (gem) form of iron pyrites (FeS). 1.4.0.0 both marcasitic VARIANT. See "marcasite". 1.4.0.0 adjective marcasite marl Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or characteristic of a crumbly mixture of clays, calcium and magnesium carbonates. 1.4.0.0 both true marly VARIANT. See "marl". 1.3.1.0 adjective marl metamorphic rock Undefined rock formed by solid-state mineralogical, chemical and/or structural changes to a pre-existing rock, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shearing stress and chemical environment. Not further defined. Jackson 1997. 1.4.1.0 noun true mica Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or characteristic of mica, a group of hydrous aluminosilicate minerals that split easily into thin partly-transparent sheets. 1.3.1.0 both mica schist A schist that consists of more than 50 percent mica minerals, typically muscovite or biotite. Special type included to distinguish this common variety of schist. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 noun true micaceous VARIANT. See "mica". 1.4.0.0 adjective mica microfossil DEPRECATED. See microfossils. 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 microfossils noun microfossiliferous VARIANT. See "microfossils". 1.4.0.0 adjective microfossils microfossils Indicates that the associated lithology contains undifferentiated microscopic fossils. 1.4.0.0 both migmatite Silicate metamorphic rock that is pervasively heterogeneous on a decimeter to meter scale that typically consists of darker and lighter parts; the darker parts usually exhibit features of metamorphic rocks whereas the lighter parts are of igneous-looking appearance. Fette and Desmons (2007) 1.4.1.0 both true migmatitic VARIANT. See "migmatite". 1.4.1.0 adjective migmatite monzogabbro Monzogabbroic rock that contains between 0 an 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 9. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true monzogabbroic VARIANT. See "monzogabbro". 1.4.1.0 adjective monzogabbro mud Clastic sediment consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud-size to sand-size particle ratio greater than 1. More than half of the particles are of epiclastic origin. Definition of mud from SLTTs 2004 muddy sediment; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.). 1.4.1.0 both true muddy VARIANT. See "mud". 1.4.1.0 adjective mud mudstone Clastic sedimentary rock consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud to sand ratio greater than 1. The definition includes Claystone, Siltstone and Shale. Pettijohn et al. 1987 referenced in Hallsworth & Knox 1999; extrapolated from Folk, 1954, Figure 1a. 1.4.1.0 noun true mylonitic rock Metamorphic rock characterised by a foliation resulting from tectonic grain size reduction, in which more than 10 percent of the rock volume has undergone grain size reduction. Includes protomylonite, mylonite, ultramylonite, and blastomylonite. Marshak & Mitra 1988. 1.4.1.0 noun true no description DEPRECATED. Where's the validity of creating a null entry for either qualifier or modifer?. 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 unknown unknown true no sample A sample would be expected, given the drilling situation, but nothing was seen at the shakers, implying either solution in the mud system of a salt, or lack of returns. WITSML. 1.4.1.0 noun true none DEPRECATED. Where's the validity of creating a null entry for either qualifier or modifer?. 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 unknown unknown oncolite Indicates that the associated lithology is largely composed of oncoliths (oncoids). 1.3.1.0 noun oncolith DEPRECATED. See oncoliths. 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 oncoliths noun oncolithic DEPRECATED. See oncoliths. 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 oncoliths adjective oncoliths Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or characteristic of oncoliths (oncoids), a type of carbonate-coated grain with irregular laminae. 1.4.0.0 both oncolitic VARIANT. See "oncoliths". 1.4.0.0 adjective oncoliths ooid or oolith DEPRECATED. See ooids. 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 ooids noun ooids Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or characteristic of ooids (ooliths), small round grains consisting of calcium carbonate, silica, or dolomite. 1.4.0.0 both ooliths VARIANT. See "ooids". 1.4.0.0 noun ooids oolitic VARIANT. See "ooids". 1.4.0.0 adjective ooids ooze Biogenic sediment consisting of less than 1 percent gravel-size (greater than or equal to 2 mm) particles, with a sand to mud ratio less than 1 to 9, and less than 50 percent carbonate minerals. Based on Bates and Jackson 1987 & Hallsworth & Knox 1999. 1.4.1.0 noun true ophiolite Basic and ultra-basic igneous rocks and their metamorposed, often hydrated, derivatives, believed to represent former oceanic crust. 1.4.1.0 both true ophiolitic VARIANT. See "ophiolite". 1.4.1.0 adjective ophiolite organic bearing mudstone Mudstone that contains a significant amount of organic carbon, typically kerogen. Commonly finely laminated, brown or black in color. Neuendorf et al. 2005; 1.4.1.0 noun true ostracodal VARIANT. See "ostracods". 1.4.0.0 adjective ostracods ostracods Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or resembling ostracod (Cambrian - Recent) fossils. 1.3.1.0 both peat Unconsolidated organic-rich sediment composed of at least 50 percent semi-carbonised plant remains; individual remains commonly seen with unaided eye; yellowish brown to brownish black; generally fibrous texture; can be plastic or friable. In its natural state it can be readily cut and has a very high moisture content, generally greater than 90 percent. Liptinite to Inertinite ratio is less than one (Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp.). Hallsworth & Knox 1999. 1.4.1.0 both true peaty VARIANT. See "peat". 1.4.1.0 adjective peat pebble Indicates that the associated lithology contains rounded rock fragments in the size range of 2mm - 64mm. 1.4.0.0 both pebbly VARIANT. See "pebble". 1.3.1.0 adjective pebble pegmatite Exceptionally coarse grained crystalline rock with interlocking crystals; most grains are 1 centimeter or more diameter; composition is generally that of granite, but the term may refer to the coarse grained facies of any type of igneous rock; usually found as irregular dikes, lenses, or veins associated with plutons or batholiths. Neuendorf et al 2005. 1.4.1.0 both true pegmatitic VARIANT. See "pegmatite". 1.4.1.0 adjective pegmatite pellet DEPRECATED. See pellets. 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 pellets noun pelletal VARIANT. See "pellets". 1.3.1.0 adjective pellets pellets Indicates that the associated lithology contains or is characteristic of small ovoid or spherical particles of microcrystalline calcite, in the size range 0.03mm - 0.15mm. 1.4.0.0 both peloid DEPRECATED. See peloids. 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 peloids noun peloidal VARIANT. See "peloids". 1.3.1.0 adjective peloids peloids Indicates that the associated lithology contains or is characteristic of sand-size grains of carbonate mud. 1.4.0.0 both peridotite Ultramafic rock consisting of more than 40 percent (by volume) olivine with pyroxene and/or amphibole and little or no feldspar. Commonly altered to serpentinite. Includes rocks defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification as dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, wehrlite, olivinite, pyroxene peridotite, pyroxene hornblende peridotite or hornblende peridotite. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true peridotitic VARIANT. See "peridotite". 1.4.1.0 adjective peridotite phaneritic igneous rock Igneous rock in which the framework of the rock consists of individual crystals that can be discerned with the unaided eye. Bounding grain size is on the order of 32 to 100 microns. Igneous rocks with 'exotic' composition are excluded from this concept. Neuendorf et al 2005. 1.4.1.0 noun true phonolite Phonolitoid in which the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is less than 0.1. Rock consists of alkali feldspar, feldspathoid minerals, and mafic minerals. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true phonolitic VARIANT. See "phonolite". 1.4.1.0 adjective phonolite phonolitoid Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.5. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 11 and 12, and TAS field Ph. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true phosphate Indicates that the associated lithology contains phosphates. 1.3.1.0 both true phosphate rock Any rock containing phosphate minerals such as apatite of sufficient purity and abundance to be an economic resource. 1.4.1.0 noun true phosphatic VARIANT. See "phosphate". 1.4.0.0 adjective phosphate phyllite Rock with a well developed, continuous schistosity, an average grain size between 0.1 and 0.5 millimeters, and a silvery sheen on cleavage surfaces. Individual phyllosilicate grains are barely visible with the unaided eye. IUGS SCMR 2007. 1.4.1.0 both true phyllitic VARIANT. See "phyllite". 1.4.1.0 adjective phyllite pisolite Indicates that the associated lithology is composed largely of pisoliths (pisoids). 1.3.1.0 both pisolith DEPRECATED. See pisoliths. 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 pisoliths noun pisoliths Indicates that the associated lithology contains or is characteristic of sub-spherical usually carbonate coated grains, of diameter greater than 2mm. 1.4.0.0 noun pisolitic VARIANT. See "pisolite". 1.4.0.0 adjective pisolite plant remains Indicates that the associated lithology contains remains of a probable botanical origin. 1.3.1.0 noun porphyritic VARIANT. See "porphyry". 1.4.1.0 adjective porphyry porphyry Igneous rock that contains conspicuous phenocrysts in a finer grained groundmass; groundmass itself may be phaneritic or fine-grained. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true potassium and magnesium salts Evaporite composed with significant (greater than 50 percent) magnesium salts, such as Carnallite /Kainite/Polyhalite/Kieserite/Bischofite/Tachydrite. WITSML. 1.4.1.0 noun true pyrite Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or resembling the sulphide mineral of iron (FeS2). 1.3.1.0 both pyritic VARIANT. See "pyrite". 1.4.0.0 adjective pyrite pyroclastic breccia Pyroclastic rock in which greater than 25 percent of particles are greater than 64 millimeter in largest dimension. Includes agglomerate, pyroclastic breccia of Gillespie and Styles (1999). Schmid 1981; LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true pyroclastic rock Fragmental igneous rock that consists of greater than 75 percent fragments produced as a direct result of eruption or extrusion of magma from within the earth onto its surface. Includes autobreccia associated with lava flows and excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes. Based on LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true pyroxenite Ultramafic phaneritic igneous rock composed almost entirely of one or more pyroxenes and occasionally biotite, hornblende and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification as olivine pyroxenite, olivine-hornblende pyroxenite, pyroxenite, orthopyroxenite, clinopyroxenite and websterite. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true pyroxenitic VARIANT. See "pyroxenite". 1.4.1.0 adjective pyroxenite quartiferous VARIANT. See "quartz". 1.4.0.0 adjective quartz quartz Indicates that the associated lithology comprises (crystalline) material containing or resembling the common silica mineral quartz (SiO2). 1.3.1.0 both true quartz arenite Clastic sandstone that contains less than 10 percent matrix. Matrix is mud-size silicate minerals (clay, feldspar, quartz, rock fragments, and alteration products) of detrital or diagenetic nature. Sandstones that contain more than 90 percent of siliceous grains. Grains can include quartz or chert rock fragments. Dott, R. H, (1964). Wacke, Graywacke and matrix-what approach to immature sandstone classification: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v-34, p. 625-632. 1.4.1.0 both true quartzite Metamorphic rock consisting of greater than or equal to 75 percent quartz; typically granoblastic texture. Neuendorf et al. 2005. 1.4.1.0 both true quartzitic VARIANT. See "quartzite". 1.4.1.0 adjective quartzite radiolaria Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or resembling fossils of the marine protozoan order of Radiolaria (Cambrian - Recent), generally with endoskeletons of opaline silica. 1.3.1.0 both radiolarian VARIANT. See "radiolaria". 1.4.0.0 adjective radiolaria rhyolite rhyolitoid in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is between 0.1 and 0.65. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true rhyolitic VARIANT. See "rhyolite". 1.4.1.0 adjective rhyolite rock salt Evaporite composed of at least 50 percent halite. Superset of Halite, Silvite and Potassium and magnesium salts. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 both true rootlets Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or resembling plant roots, or structures (rhizoliths) resulting from the mineralization of plant roots by accumulation/cementation or replacement. 1.4.0.0 noun salty VARIANT. See "rock salt". 1.3.1.0 adjective rock salt sand Indicates that the associated lithology comprises (crystalline) material containing or resembling mineral or rock grains of diameter in the range of 0.625mm - 2mm. 1.4.0.0 both true sandstone Clastic sedimentary rock in which less than 30 percent of particles are greater than 2 millimeter in diameter (gravel) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005; particle size from Wentworth grade scale. 1.4.1.0 noun true sandy VARIANT. See "sand". 1.3.1.0 adjective sand sapropel Jelly like organic rich sediment composed of plant remains, usually algal. Liptinite to Inertinite ratio is greater than one (Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp.). Neuendorf et al. 2005. 1.4.1.0 both true sapropelic VARIANT. See "sapropel". 1.4.1.0 adjective sapropel schist Foliated phaneritic metamorphic rock with well developed, continuous schistosity, meaning that greater than 50 percent of the rock by volume is mineral grains with a thin tabular, lamellar, or acicular prismatic crystallographic habit that are oriented in a continuous planar or linear fabric. SLTTm 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005. 1.4.1.0 both true schisty VARIANT. See "schist". 1.4.1.0 adjective schist sepentinitic VARIANT. See "serpentinite". 1.4.1.0 adjective serpentinite serpentinite Rock consisting of more than 75 percent serpentine-group minerals, eg. antigorite, chrysotile or lizardite; accessory chlorite, talc and magnetite may be present; derived from hydration of ferromagnesian silicate minerals such as olivine and pyroxene. Neuendorf et al. 2005. 1.4.1.0 both true shale Laminated mudstone that will part or break along thin, closely spaced layers parallel to stratification. NADM SLTT sedimentary, 2004. WITSML note: Since Hallsworth and Knox did not recognise the term Shale, some operators do not use this in descriptions, but do plot it graphically. 1.4.1.0 both true shaly VARIANT. See "shale". 1.4.1.0 adjective shale shell DEPRECATED. See "shell fragments". 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 shell fragments noun shell fragments Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or resembling shells (generally bivalves) or fragments thereof. 1.4.0.0 both shelly VARIANT. See "shell fragments". 1.4.0.0 adjective shell fragments siderite Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or resembling siderite (spathic iron), a carbonate mineral of iron (FeCO3). 1.3.1.0 both true siderite concretion Indicates that the associated lithology contains rounded masses comprised of the mineral siderite (spathic iron), a carbonate mineral of iron (FeCO3). 1.3.1.0 noun sideritic VARIANT. See "siderite". 1.4.0.0 adjective siderite siliceous ooze Ooze that consists of more than 50 percent siliceous skeletal remains. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 noun true silt Indicates that the associated lithology comprises (matrix) material of very fine particles intermediate in size between clay and sand (0.0625mm - 2mm). 1.4.0.0 both true siltstone Mudstone that contains detectable silt. OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 noun true silty VARIANT. See "silt". 1.3.1.0 adjective silt skarn Metasomatic rock consisting mainly of Ca-, Mg-, Fe-, or Mn-silicate minerals, which are free from or poor in water. Typically formed at the contact between a silicate rock or magma and a carbonate rock.Fettes and Desmons, 2007, p195. 1.4.1.0 both true skarny VARIANT. See "skarn". 1.4.1.0 adjective skarn slate Compact, fine grained rock with an average grain size less than 0.032 millimeter and a well developed schistosity (slaty cleavage), and hence can be split into slabs or thin plates. NADM metamorphic rock vocabulary SLTTm1.0; Neuendorf et al. 2005. 1.4.1.0 both true slaty VARIANT. See "slate". 1.4.1.0 adjective slate smectite A matrix cement dominantly composed of Smectite. Chemically Smectite is a hydrated sodium calcium aluminium magnesium silicate hydroxide (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2·nH2O. It will respond to changes in hydration, so may be altered in cuttings samples. 1.4.1.0 both true smectitic VARIANT. See "smectite". 1.4.1.0 adjective smectite spicular VARIANT. See "spicules". 1.3.1.0 adjective spicules spicule DEPRECATED. See spicules. 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 spicules noun spicules Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or resembling minute needle-like structures of silica or carbonate, such as that supporting the soft tissue of certain invertebrates, especially sponges. 1.4.0.0 both spilite Altered basic to intermediate composition fine-grained igneous rock in which the feldspar is partially or completely composed of of albite, typically accompanied by chlorite, calcite, quartz, epidote, prehnite, and low-temperature hydrous crystallization products. Preservation of eruptive volcanic features is typical. Fettes and Desmon, 2007; Best, M.G., 1982, Igneous and metamorphic petrology: New York, W.H. Freeman and Company, p. 398; Neuendorf et al. 2005, p. 619. 1.4.1.0 both true spilitic VARIANT. See "spilite". 1.4.1.0 adjective spilite stylolite DEPRECATED. See stylolites. 1.3.1.0 1.4.0.0 stylolites noun stylolites Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or resembling a contact zone surface between two adjacent calcareous rocks, along which dissolution by pressure solution has ocurred and appearing in cross section as a series of jagged interlocking up-and-down projections (of insoluble clay minerals) that resemble a suture. 1.4.0.0 both stylolitic VARIANT. See "stylolites". 1.3.1.0 adjective stylolites syenite Plutonic igneous rock composed essentially of alkali feldspar, with lesser sodic plagioclase, biotite and hornblende, and minor quartz. 1.4.1.0 both true syenitic VARIANT. See "syenite". 1.4.1.0 adjective syenite syenitoid Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, consisting mainly of alkali feldspar and plagioclase; minor quartz or nepheline may be present, along with pyroxene, amphibole or biotite. Ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is less than 0.65, quartz forms less than 20 percent of QAPF fraction, and feldspathoid minerals form less than 10 percent of QAPF fraction. Includes rocks classified in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 and their subdivisions. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true sylvite Evaporite composed of at least 50 percent Sylvite (KCL). OneGeology. 1.4.1.0 both true sylvitic VARIANT. See "sylvite". 1.4.1.0 adjective sylvite tarry VARIANT. See "bitumen". 1.4.0.0 adjective bitumen tephrite Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9, and contains less than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true tephritic VARIANT. See "tephrite". 1.4.1.0 adjective tephrite tephritoid Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.5. Includes rocks classified in QAPF field 13 and 14 or chemically in TAS field U1 as basanite or tephrite. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true tholeiitic basalt Tholeiitic basalt is defined here to contain 2 pyroxene phases and interstitial quartz or tridymite or cristobalite in the groundmass. Pyroxene (augite and orthopyroxene or pigeonite) and calcium-rich plagioclase are common phenocryst minerals. Olivine may also be a phenocryst, and when present, may have rims of pigeonite. Only in tholeiitic basalt is olivine in reaction relationship with melt. Interstitial siliceous residue may be present, and is often glassy. Tholeiitic basalt is relatively poor in sodium. This category includes most basalts of the ocean floor, most large oceanic islands, and continental flood basalts such as the Columbia River Plateau.Carmichael, I.S. Turner, F.J., Verhoogen, John, 1974, Igneous petrology: New York, McGraw HIll Book Co., p.42-43. 1.4.1.0 noun true tonalite Granitoid consisting of quartz and intermediate plagioclase, usually with biotite and amphibole. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 5; ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater than 0.9. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 both true tonalitic VARIANT. See "tonalite". 1.4.1.0 adjective tonalite trachyte A group of fine-grained often porphyritic volcanic rocks containing alkali feldspar and minor mafic minerals. 1.4.1.0 both true trachytic VARIANT. See "trachyte". 1.4.1.0 adjective trachyte trachytic rock Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.35. QAPF fields 7, 7', and 7*. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true trachytoid Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, less than 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and less than 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.65. Mafic minerals typically include amphibole or mica; typically porphyritic. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 (with subdivisions) or chemically in TAS Field T as trachyte or latite. LeMaitre et al. 2002. 1.4.1.0 noun true travertine Biotically or abiotically precipitated calcium carbonate, from spring-fed, heated, or ambient-temperature water. May be white and spongy, various shades of orange, tan or gray, and ranges to dense, banded or laminated rock. Macrophytes, bryophytes, algae, cyanobacteria and other organisms often colonize the surface of travertine and may be preserved, to produce the porous varieties. Neuendorf et al. 2005; Chafetz, H.S., and Folk, R.L., 1984, Travertine: Depositional morphology an dthe bacterially constructed constituents: J. Sed. Petrology, v. 126, p.57-74. 1.4.1.0 noun true tuff Indicates that the associated lithology comprises (matrix) material containing or resembling pyroclastic detrital material (volcanic ash). 1.4.0.0 both true tuffaceous VARIANT. See "tuff". 1.3.1.0 adjective tuff tuffite Indicates that the associated lithology comprises material containing or resembling a fine grained matrix of volcanic breccia with intruded grains of fluidized sediment. 1.3.1.0 noun true tuffitic VARIANT. See "tuffite". 1.4.1.0 adjective tuffite ultrabasic A class of igneous rocks composed mostly of mafic minerals such as pyroxenes along with calcic feldspar, with no free silica and a total silica content less than about 45%. 1.4.1.0 adjective true undifferentiated The lithology is not differentiated. This is typically used to fill out a lithology description to 100 percent. 1.4.1.0 adjective true wacke Clastic sandstone with more than 10 percent matrix of indeterminate detrital or diagenetic nature. Matrix is mud size silicate minerals (clay, feldspar, quartz, rock fragments, and alteration products). Pettijohn, Potter, Siever, 1972, Sand and Sandstone: New York, Springer Verlag, 681 p. 1.4.1.0 noun true unknown The value is not known. This value should not be used in normal situations. All reasonable attempts should be made to determine the appropriate value. Use of this value may result in rejection in some situations. 1.3.1.0 TrajStnCalcAlgorithm The type of algorithm used in the calculation of a trajectory station dependent data. This is traditionally positional information except for the cases of inertial survey data. See API Bulletin D20 "BULLETIN ON DIRECTIONAL DRILLING SURVEY CALCULATION METHODS AND TERMINOLOGY", First Edition December 31, 1985. WITSML constant tool face An algorithm used to design a well trajectory during the planning stage minimum curvature An algorithm used to calculate the well trajectory spatial position (X,Y,Z) at execution stage or planning stage. The assumed path between stations is that of a circular arc in 3-D space. Also known as "Minimum Radius Of Curvature" method. tangential An algorithm used to calculate the well trajectory spatial position (X,Y,Z) at execution stage or planning stage. The assumed path between stations is a straight line oriented according to the seconds stations orientation. Also known as "Backward Station" and "Terminal Angle" methods. balanced tangential An algorithm used to calculate the well trajectory spatial position (X,Y,Z) at execution stage or planning stage. The assumed path between stations is along two straight lines, with the first section oriented according to the first stations orientation and the second line oriented according to the second stations orientation. Each line segment is set to have a length of half the measured depth difference between the two stations. Also known as "Acceleration", "Secant", "Trapezoidal", and "Vector Averaging" methods. average angle An algorithm used to calculate the well trajectory spatial position (X,Y,Z) at execution stage or planning stage. The assumed path between stations is along a straight line oriented according to the average of the inclination and azimuth orientations of the start and end stations. Also known as "Angle Averaging" method. radius of curvature An algorithm used to calculate the well trajectory spatial position (X,Y,Z) at execution stage or planning stage. The assumed path is a helix with a fixed vertical radius wrapped around a cylinder of fixed radius. Both radii can tend to infinity yielding simple circular arcs in either the horizontal or vertical planes. inertial This encompasses surveying methods where the positional data was not derived from a transformation of MD,INC,AZM, but are provided directly by some other mechanism such as direct positional output from an inertial gyro system. custom This encompasses methodologies which are similar to the Inertial method in that they are direct populations of the positional data, which have been determined by some other possibly non-published methodology. unknown The value is not known. This value should not be used in normal situations. All reasonable attempts should be made to determine the appropriate value. Use of this value may result in rejection in some situations. TypeSurveyTool Type of directional survey tool; a very generic classification. WITSML magnetic MWD A tool measuring downhole inclination and azimuth from sets of accelerometers and magnetometers sensors. 1.3.1 gyroscopic MWD 1.3.1 gyroscopic north seeking 1.3.1 gyroscopic inertial 1.3.1 magnetic single-shot 1.3.1 magnetic multiple-shot A tool measuring downhole inclination and azimuth from photo-mechanical inclinometers and magnetic compass. 1.3.1 unknown The value is not known. This value should not be used in normal situations. All reasonable attempts should be made to determine the appropriate value. Use of this value may result in rejection in some situations. 1.3.1